Why Your Cheating Spouse Had an Online Affair

Why Your Cheating Spouse Had an Online Affair Addiction Addictive Behaviors Sex Print The Reasons Why Your Spouse Had an Affair Online By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 10, 2020 Richard Theis / EyeEm / Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Sex Caffeine Internet Shopping Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The discovery that your partner is having an affair can be upsetting. But if it is an online affair, it can also be confusing and bring up many questions. You might wonder if it meets the definition of real infidelity, why they sought an online affair when you were available, and what is appealing about having a virtual affair. You may also want to know whether an online affair is a sign of  sex addiction, of which there are many  types. Online affairs can be difficult for both the injured partner to understand, as well as for the therapists who work with them (as they may be more accustomed to helping clients work through in-person affairs). A growing number of couples are affected by cybersex  infidelity. Online affairs can be difficult to understand for partners and the therapists they work with. Your first reaction may be to get full disclosure from your cheating spouse in the hope of understanding why it happened but be patient. Discovering and understanding your partners online affair is a process that takes time. Factors Leading to Online Affairs Here are some reasons that people in relationships may pursue an online affair: Anonymity: Online affairs allow people who are in relationships already to seek out affairs without their potential partners knowing their real-life identity. You can hide behind a screen name and use a fake photo, creating a new persona. You dont run the risk of being easily identified by a friend, neighbor, or your partner.  Meeting via an app or in a chat room eliminates the human aspects of meeting someone, such as facial expression, body language, and even physical appearance.Convenience: Online affairs are easy to initiate, as there are many apps, chat rooms, and websites set up for this specific purpose. Smartphones have given the technology even greater flexibility, as now most people can access the Internet at no additional cost from wherever they may be, at any time of day. Initial curiosity can rapidly escalate into an online affair.Escape: People who choose to have an online affair rather than an in-person affair may rationalize that it is not a real affair. The people co ncerned have not met, and may even live on opposite sides of the globe. It can feel like an escape from the mundane reality of relationships and activities in the real world, operating far more in the domain of fantasy. How to Tell If You Are a Sex Addict Will It Last? Online affairs may be short-lived, but there is no shortage of new partners with whom to start a new virtual affair. A  person can slip into becoming addicted to online affairs in the same way they can get addicted to other behaviors.?? If you or your partner are compulsively seeking sexual contact online, you can and should seek help. The Dangers of Emotional Affairs

Drug Testing of High School Students - 1075 Words

Mandatory Drug Testing of High School Athletes Brandon had always wanted to play football for his high school team. He had always been one of the slowest and smallest boys in his grade. While in 8th grade, he was introduced to performance enhancing drugs. He was sold on the fact that they would make him stronger, faster, and maybe give him a shot to make the high school football team. During his first year of taking the performance enhancing drug, Brandon had increased strength and self-pride. As others started to see his achievements they started asking how he had made such drastic changes in strength. His response was hard work and determination, but quickly people started to really question these drastic changes. His upcoming†¦show more content†¦Brandon struggled with the schools decision of mandatory drug testing and the forfeit of games played. He also learned that that school was looking after his wellbeing, when he learned of all the long term health effects that he was imposing on his body. Mandatory drug testing also provided him with an avenue to promote a drug free environment with fellow classmates. Brandon became a member of the red ribbon committee following his failed test, without this testing he would have continued to mock this great committee. Mandatory drug testing should be done nationwide among high schools. Works Consulted Ash, Katie. Steroid-Testing Plans In Texas And Illinois Are Moving Forward. Education Week 27.20 (2008): 8-9. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. Askthejudge.info. Can schools force students to submit to drug testing?. N.p., 08/27/2007. Web. 17 Nov 2011. lt;http://www.askthejudge.info/can-schools-force-students-to-submit-to-drug-testing/45/gt;. Bowman, Darcia Harris. Student Drug Testing Gathers Prominent Support. Education Week 23.3 (2003): 1-17. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. Greifner, Laura. N.J. Steroid Testing Gets Attention In Other States. Education Week 26.29 (2007): 5-12. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. Harrison Pope, Jr. â€Å"Psychiatric and Medical Effects of Anabolic-Androgen Steroid Use.† GeneralShow MoreRelatedIllicit Drugs Have Become A Big Issue In Today’S Society.1430 Words   |  6 PagesIllicit drugs have become a big issue in today’s society. Many schools feel the need to prevent the increasing use of these illegal and harmful drugs. In order to decrease the number of students who are abusing or just using drugs, many schools have adopted drug testing policies. These drug testing policies vary from school to school; however, they all are testing students involved in extracurricular activities such as school clubs, athletics, and even students who own a parking pass. Although theRead MoreStudent Athletes Should Never be Tested for Drugs1282 Words   |  6 PagesRandom drug testing is starting to become more frequent in schools; especially towards student athletes. Schools have been drug testing student athletes since approximately 1995 and in 2002, the court made it a law that high school athletes must be drug tested. There are several testing methods that use hair, urine, oral fluids, and sweat. Urine testing is the most popular type of testing for drugs. The debate of drug testing student athletes is still on the rise amongst people. Supporters of drugRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing for High School Athletes Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesdefines a drug as ‘any substance that when taken into the living organism may modify one or more of its functions’† (Newton 12). However, when speaking of drug testing for abuse a person is usually thinking about illegal drugs or drugs that can alter athletic performance in sporting events. Mandatory drug testing was not allowed in public schools until June 2002 when the Supreme Court allowed for public schools to do random drug testing (Carroll 23). This decision allowed for drug testing in allRead MoreWe Need Mandatory Random Drug Testing in Public Schools Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesIs public school drug testing really appropriate? Mandatory-Random Student Drug Testing (MRSDT) and school-based Suspicionless Random Drug Testing (SRDT) are two of many approaches that school districts could use to help prevent and lower the rates of drug and substance use (James-Burdumy 1). MRSDT was introduced in the late 1980’s when the United States Military created other programs to control substance use (James-Burdumy 1; Russell 169). The United States Department of Education’s Office of SafeRead MoreArgument Random Drug Tests in School Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesArgument: Random Drug Testing in High schools Many high schools across the country have brought much attention to the idea of giving random drug tests to students in high school. The newfound interest in student drug testing may be as a result of recent polls, which have shown an increase in drug use among high school students. Many teachers, parents, and members of school comities are for the drug testing, while most students and some parents feel that this would be a violation of students rights asRead MoreDrug Testing Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesEven though drug testing is very expensive, ALL high school’s athletes should be tested because drugs are bad for your health and very addictive. A simple drug test could save many lives. Many schools around deny the request to drug test their athletes for the simple conclusion that the cost of the testing would just be to expensive. I disagree whole heartedly on that because although it may be expensive, we could save so many lives by requiring drug tests to play sports. Many students have love forRead MoreDrug Testing for School Athletes966 Words   |  4 Pages Drug use in school athletics has become a substantial problem in today’s society. With the rising pressure to succeed and the high level intensity in athletics, it does not come to a surprise that so many student–athletes are giving in to drugs. Many schools that are faced with drug use are turning to mandatory drug tests for student-athletes; however mandatory drug tests are a violation of the Fourth Amendment, the Fifth Amendment and drug testing reverses the legal principle of innocentRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing for Student Athletes Essay966 Words   |  4 Pages In many high schools around the country, student athletes are using drugs. â€Å"The percent of students that have drunk alcohol is 72.5% while the number of students who have used marijuana is 36.8%† (Report: Nearly Half of High School Students Using Drugs, Alcohol). The students believe that since they are athletes that they do not need to abide by the rules because they feel more superior and that the narcotic will not hurt or affect them. Implementing random drug tests for athletes will create aRead More Random Student Drug Testing (RSDT) Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is drug testing? Drug testing is an examination of biologic material such as urine, hair, saliva, or sweat to detect the presence of specific drugs and determine prior drug use. Student random drug testing programs, RSDT, is increasingly common (Edwards). RSDT can help identify the students who are already abusing illicit drugs. Yet most schools only drug test the students, when they should also be dr ug testing the teachers and staff. Illicit drug use interferes with the ability to learn, affectsRead MoreDrug Testing For High Schools And Middle Schools1301 Words   |  6 PagesPersuading kids to not do drugs is a tough subject to approach as parents and teachers. When it comes to kids being unhappy, they will more than likely hear that drugs bring happiness to them. With drug testing involved in high schools and middle schools. The students should see that it is no longer an option to do drugs in order for their own self happiness. Students can result to other options that are more acceptable to society, and not to mention activities that are legal. Although these kids

The Most Popular Examples of Concluding Sentences

The Most Popular Examples of Concluding Sentences The Importance of Examples of Concluding Sentences The introduction usually comprises minimum of 3 sentences in length. To begin with, it is a repetition and so couldn't be duller. Typically whenever you're writing you're attempting to earn a single overriding point. Examples of Concluding Sentences - the Conspiracy The very first sentence has to be intriguing. A paragraph starts with what's referred to as the topic sentence. A concluding paragraph permits you to create the point clearly and precisely. It is a summary of all that you have said in the body. The left hand column is going to be headed YOUR REQUIREMENTS and the correct hand column MY QUALIFICATIONS. Each principal point or argument needs to be discussed in one or a number of paragraphs in the principal body of the essay. In the introductory example, the dependent clause occurs at the start of the sentence, therefore there is no need to have a comma at the start of the clause. The Chronicles of Examples of Concluding Sentences Suggestions to compose a top quality essay The next tips can be used for writing a flawless essay. You've got a guide and get ideas about what to do with your essay. The introduction is a couple sentences that list the principal points of your essay. Also, you can look for sample expository essay topics so you will understand what to research and that which you will deal with. If you ought to be struggling over your essay, research paper, and just a dissertation simply take a look at our institution's website and we are going to stop the torture. An essay is an ongoing part of prose and ought not to contain sub-titles. Furthermore, if your essay is clear, they are easily able to understand it. A history essay always demands excessive research and a lot of book reading that may empower your ideas and make you knowledgeable. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Examples of Concluding Sentences A topic is too narrow if there aren't any sufficient tips for discussion. It should not be limited or too broad. Prewriting In the prewriting phase, you will need to brainstorm about this issue and the most important idea. The very first issue is to pick a great subject of discussion before any other point. A Startling Fact about Examples of Concluding Sentences Uncovered Another benefit of our website is the quickness. Attempt to learn what the name of the interviewer would be or the particular person to get hold of. A Startling Fact about Examples of Concluding Sentences Uncovered It is essential that you compose the essay utilizing complete sentence, correct spelling and appropriate grammar. Recognizing the comma's complexity, lots of new writers are frightened to utilize it. Provided that the focus is on structure, brevity, simplicity and clarity it is rather possible you will wind up writing a superb essay. The supporting sentences contain more information about this issue sentence. Essay writing isn't only about including relevant details. Number 2 might be the comprehensive sentence. Writing well isn't essentially a divine present. Students have a challenging time in writing if they don't have a draft or outline to follow. Over the last three decades with the debut of a variety of Education Reform Acts across Europe we have observed an important shift in attitude in design education. Some choices are less signi ficant like ordering from a menu at a restaurant while some impact the remainder of your life like whether or not you need to get married. A challenge like that can easily incorporate a call to action, for example, to obtain your merchandise. Whispered Examples of Concluding Sentences Secrets It's better to thank the employer in the last line. Many are highly-reputed. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. If you're writing a piece educating the general public about the development in teen suicides, an emoji or GIF will feel strange. In general, journalists will need to learn to use social media properly to maximize their opportunities. Journalists which don't find out how to use social media become crucified by men and women on all social media platforms. All About Examples of Concluding Sentences Utilizing a plan should increase the stream of the essay. Transitions Between each major point, you need to have good transitions. Essay help companies of fer essay structure guides. Essay assignment help companies offer their premium services at an inexpensive pace. An individual may order customized essays and papers by way of filling in the required form on its website. Simply make certain your book review has balanced arguments which you are able to easily prove. In the event you've come across some relevant specifics about the author, don't hesitate to mention them in your introduction too. Depending on the level, the topics and standard might vary.

English Speech Format Free Essays

Speech: A speech is an extended textual composition. May be based on a verbal or visual stimulus. A speech, like the article, requires a student to express his/her own opinion on a given subject. We will write a custom essay sample on English Speech Format or any similar topic only for you Order Now Write about 3-5 paragraphs. 1st Para †¢Heading or title †¢Introduction-salutation- Addressing the audience, self-introduction- and introducing the topic 2nd Para †¢Logically develop your argument. Credit is given for creativity in presenting ideas. †¢Points should be well organized and linked. Should read fluently. †¢Use rich vocabulary. Spellings must be correct. Use idiomatic expressions 3rd Para †¢Give different thoughts. †¢Points should be coherent. †¢You can take up different issues. 4thd Para †¢Discuss the connected themes as well. †¢Discuss problems if any and provide solutions. †¢Arrive towards a conclusion. 5th Para-Conclusion †¢Repeat and reiterate your point of view. †¢Correct voice (passive, active) and tense to be used. †¢Finally, give a very strong conclusion. Solved Example: Speech: Forgiveness makes, anger mars By The Speech Writer Good morning respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends! This is The Speech Deliverer from 10-A, delivering a speech on, â€Å"Forgiveness makes, anger mars. † In today’s hectic times anyone can hurt us anytime—and that too without any rhyme or reason or fault of ours! May be we can also do the same to others. We always look for a healing touch after someone has hurt, humiliated or insulted us. A wise man will make haste to forgive because he knows the true value of time, and will not suffer it to pass away in unnecessary pain. On the other hand, anger is a short madness and when a man grows angry, his reason rides out. Fury and anger carry the mind away. True, anger is never without a reason, but seldom with a good one. In fact anger is the fury and frenzy of the soul. Anger is hard to combat as it is willing to buy revenge with life. By controlling the anger of a minute, one may avoid the remorse of a lifetime. So, with the good man anger is quick to die. One reason is that it may compensate for the powerlessness we experienced when we were hurt. We may feel more in charge when we are filled with anger. But forgiving instils a much greater Medically speaking, people who remain angry most are susceptible to hypertension and related heart/brain diseases. Re-living unsuccessful or humiliating situations in the past hurt over and over again and prove bad for your health. other illnesses. Angry men make themselves beds of nettles. Anger always begins with folly and ends with repentance. Anger is like those ruins that break themselves against what they fall upon. Anger is a spender and few indulge it without cost. How to cite English Speech Format, Essay examples

Pursuit of Happiness free essay sample

Poverty the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; condition of being poor. (According to Dictionary. com) Theories: †¢Structural Functionalism – Poverty is natural expected †¢Symbolic Interaction – The way we view the poor, blaming the victim oWe work to change the behavior, not the actual cause Poverty is unnatural and not the fault of the individual but rather the fault of society Definitions: †¢Persistent Poverty – you grow up poor and you stay poor †¢Temporary Poverty – usually results from illness, divorce, or unemployment (2 years or less) How Pursuit of Happyness relates to Poverty †¢Gardners grew up in poverty Only â€Å"blue-collared† jobs were available to the â€Å"colored† †¢They had poor housing, struggled to find food, limited funds to pay rent †¢Chris Gardner faced â€Å"persistent poverty† but managed to make it â€Å"temporary poverty† by never giving up on his dream to become wealthy, to own a â€Å"Ferrari† †¢Encountered inequality because even though he was able to get a job, all of his clients went to a â€Å"more-experienced† person – a white person †¢Chris falls into the category of a person who has the experience, but no formal education †¢Had a difficult time finding a home for him and his son †¢Faced jail time Political Views †¢Conservatives Not that many people are living in absolute poverty oPeople should take responsibility for themselves oWork hard = success oLimit government involvement to help those who NEED help †¢Liberals oPoverty is a societal problem and should work together to fix it oRecognize that poverty affects different groups rather than individuals oIncome is distributed unequally and is heavily impacted by discrimination oSupport government aide oFeel that many people don’t try for assistance because the culture of shame The Pursuit of Happyness Chapter 1 †¢Chris Gardner, along with his siblings lived in a foster home. We will write a custom essay sample on Pursuit of Happiness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lived with Mr. and Mrs. Robinson. Chris’ biological mother would visit at times to give candy them candy. At a young age, Chris’ sister Ophelia would steal cherries from a neighbor’s garden. While growing up, Chris always looked to Ophelia for explanations. The Gardners grew up in Depression-era 1928 in Little Rock, Arkansas. – Trials of Poverty and Racism. Mainly steel mills and foundries and carmakers employed blacks. Also known as â€Å"Blue-collar jobs†. Almost everyone had family members with the employees. The families always â€Å"stuck together†. Now Chris’ family live in Milwaukee. Chapter 2 †¢Chris’ goal was to get Freddie, his mom’s boyfriend to like him. Chris’ mother wanted to be a teacher in Wisconsin, but Chris’ mom was a domesticated worker – cleaned rich (white) people’s houses. Ophelia has a different dad, Sam Salter, who is a high school teacher. Sam would give Ophelia 2 dollars, Chris 1 dollar. Freddie is complete opposite from Sam. Freddie is violent. Chris promised he wouldn’t be like Freddie. Chris wants Sam to be his dad. Freddie attempted to kill Chris’ mom multiple times. Chris’ mom rented an apartment close by, but faces eviction. Chapter 3 †¢Chris’ Mother is missing. Chris living with Uncle Willie and Aunt Ella Mae. Strict household. Chris saw his mother at a funeral (uncle henry) with prison guard next to her, Ophelia was sent away living in a detention home. Uncle Henry was is idol. Uncle Henry said to him â€Å"Here it is, Chris, the world is your oyster. It’s up to you to find the pearls† â€Å"live large†. Taught him how to swim, happiness when with him. Chris’ mother is in prison because Freddie accused her of burning down the house with Freddie in it. Chris also saw his sisters again at funeral. At end of chapter, Chris is reunited with his mom Chapter 4 †¢1968 Great awakening. Chris and his schoolmates went to a different school. Chris aspired to be an actor. Chris got a part time job helping an old lady. Problems with Freddie arises, prompting Ophelia to move away Chapter 5 †¢Chris tries to hustle people, at the end of hustling; Chris ends up getting raped by a man. Chris attempted to kill Freddie by accidently slipping the refrigerator having it fall on Freddie. Freddie is back to his normal self, threatening them. Chris got a job as a dishwasher at Nino’ steakhouse. Waiters stiffed him with tips. Then Ophelia got him a job as an orderly at Heartside Nursing home. Then Chris’ Uncle Archie helped him get a job at Inland Steel. Later, Chris enlists into the Navy. Part 2 Chris got stationed in Orlando. Assigned to work in the General Surgical Ward with Lieutenant Commander Charlotte Gannon. Everyone respected him and asked for him in the navy when they were wounded. Finds out his father is Thomas Turner. He takes a job with Dr. Elllis in research lab at UC Medical Center and VA Hospital $7500 a year Chapter 7 †¢He is in SF. He began training interns on how to handle instruments. Still experiences racism. Chris keeps getting increases in salary, though sf is a costly place to live. Got married to Sherry his first love June 18, 1977. Cheats on Sherry, but doesn’t tell Sherry. Decides not to be a doctor because of what he was told by Dr. Ellis Chapter 8 †¢Chris had an affair with a girl named Jackie. Broke up with Sherry for Jackie. Christopher Jarrett the 2nd was born Jan 28 1981. His salary couldn’t support him, son, and Jackie. Jackie accused him of not being able to be a father because he never had a father. Jackie takes Chris Jr. from him but Chris fights for him. Chris is becoming a great father to Chris Jr. Chris gets a job earning 30,000 a year as a sales rep for CMS. Things were going well. He met his siblings that he didn’t know about in Louisiana. Chapter 9 Learning selling strategies to earn more money. Saw Bob Bridges, stockbroker, Chris asked him what he does and how he does it. Looked into stocks. Falsely led into thinking he could be a stockbroker – interviewed with companies, NO. Kept getting parking tickets. Came down to not having education even with him having experience. Interviewed at E. F. Hutton, went to training, didn’t get it. Has no money, no severance, because he quit his job at CMS. Turns out the guy who said he’d give Chris a job got fired. Therefore he left a job for a job that does exist. Started working odd jobs. Police are there to arrest him for domestic violence. Saying Jackie was beaten, He is in jail. When he sees the judge he says chris owes 1200 and chris says he can’t pay it. After he was out he can’t find his son, or Jackie Chapter 10 †¢Gets an opportunity to work for Dean Witter in a firm agency 1000/month in training program. Slept at work, alternates outfits. Starts to look for Chris Jr. Passed test at training. Encounters obstacles. Gets Chris Jr. back without Jackie in picture. Completely homeless now. Starts looking around for a place to stay. Talked to a reverend and asked for help. Found a way to make money by saying â€Å" he lost his money in a vending machine that sells cigarettes†. Slept in bathroom in Oakland. Finds a place to rent Chapter 11 †¢His friends started to help him out with anything he needs. The job that he is at, is starting to do well. Starts to earn a little bit more. Things are starting to look better Chapter 12 †¢Even though he was netting 200 calls a day, the business would end up going to a white guy â€Å"with more experience†. Left job at Dean Witter, Started working for Bear. Bear was a better job place for Chris, better opportunities. Chris was able to build a relationship with a client and ultimately solely on his accounts he made 200,000 a year. Client was J. R. Chris moved to New York, bought Michael Jordan’s Ferrari. He had a baby girl by Jackie; Jacintha is the baby girl’s name. J. R. , Chris’ biggest client passed away. Settled for 60000 in commission. Chris gets fired for only making 25000 in 2 months with a client. Chris opens up a shop in Chicago. Decided to manage money for Black people (black celebrities). Had the support of Ace Greenberg. W. J. Kennedy the third decided to help him out and invest in his dream. W. J. Kennedy the third is the Chairman of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company. Chris owns Gardner Rich Company, everyone trusts him, he is now living his dream.

Medical Research on Animals Should be Forbidden by Law

Medical Research on Animals Should be Forbidden by Law Introduction Historically, humans have used other animal entities for testing potential foods and medicine in order to gain insight on what may be appropriate for them. The Early man tested herbs by allowing his domesticated animals to eat them to find out whether the herbs were poisonous or not.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Medical Research on Animals Should be Forbidden by Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He also allowed his domesticated animals such as dogs to drink water from streams before he drank incase the waters were contaminated or poisonous. Progress towards the modern day in vivo testing or animal testing traces its origin to this practice by the Early man. Throughout man’s existence, the path towards progress has wrought the need for testing of various elements concerned with humanity’s existence on other non-human animals, and the results subsequently used to gauge the suit ability of the tested substance on humans. Medical researches on animals, animal testing, animal experimentation or in-vivo testing involve the use of live and living animals for medical experiments whose results are used for man’s beneficial purposes. Many pharmaceutical firms, laboratories, farms, universities, medical schools and research centers breed animals of different species within their premises for experimentation purposes. Sometimes the animals used are captured from the wild and tested in the laboratories or customized environments depending on the purpose of a given experiment. Modern day animal testing occurs in the fields of biomedicine, psychiatry and genetics. There are scientists and organizations that are against animal testing arguing that, such tests in the medical field render progress retrogressive. Such criticism is based on the notion that most results on animals cannot be extrapolated to humans; thus, such research is not only time wasting and misle ading, but also unnecessarily cruel on animals, and should be outlawed. However, much of the bio-medical, behavioral medicine, and medical genetics breakthroughs of the past century have been achieved due to animal testing/experimentation, and as such animal experimentation in medicine is beneficial and critical for human well being and progress. Animal experimentation and bio-medical progress Many of vaccines for various diseases, which previously led to the deaths of a large number of people in societies, in the past, were developed after first being tried on animals to test their efficacy.Advertising Looking for research paper on health law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Presently, researchers all over the world are busy trying to develop vaccines for contemporary diseases such as Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDs and even cancer (Levinson and Reiss 12). These vaccines and other possible cures, true to humanity’s predisposition, will first be tested on animals such as rats and guinea pigs. Vaccines developed in the past for diseases such as small pox, tetanus, polio and other such diseases, which caused the deaths and deformation of children in the past centuries, were developed after being rigorously tested on animals. Indeed, not only are these animal testing experiments necessary, but also highly critical for the continued sustenance of the human race. Researchers cannot simply begin trials on these vaccines on humans before intensive testing on animals shows their potential benefits when extended to humans. The vaccines are subsequently subjected to rigorous trials with a small sample human population and then depending on the results, are approved for use on the general population (Levinson and Reiss 15). Therefore, due to experimentation with animals, researchers were able to develop vaccines for disease such as small pox, polio, chicken pox an d other such diseases that would otherwise lead to much human death and suffering. The treatment of diabetes with insulin was developed through research on dogs, from which insulin was first isolated. Thus, without the benefit of testing the efficacy of the vaccines on animals to begin with, humans would continue to suffer and die, and such medical breakthroughs would be achieved after a much longer period. Presently, researchers are hard at work trying to develop a vaccine against cancer. Many trials on laboratory animals such as rats and guinea pigs are showing positive results, and thus with continued research a vaccine for one of modern day’s most devastating diseases may be found, and humanity will have made a significant medical breakthrough partly enabled by the legality and suitability of animal experimentation. Animal Experimentation and Progress in Behavioral medicine: Psychology and Psychiatry In the field of behavioral medicine, experimentation with animals has en abled for significance progress in the understanding of various mental states, mental diseases and other such psychological afflictions of humans. Through animal testing, behavioral scientists have been able to understand the mental functioning of the human brain, the stress triggers, pleasure points and other such weighty pointers that when properly understood by man can make him lead a more fulfilling and stress stressful life (Cunningham 20). Experiments with lab animals such as rats provided psychologists with insights on the importance for personal space in reducing the probability of stress in people. This given research showed that whenever rats were housed in cubes that offered little personal space for movement and general activity, their stress levels went up, and the stress levels reduced accordingly when researchers reduce the number of rats within a cube.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Medical Research on Animals Should be Forbidden b y Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A similar research with monkeys showed similar trends (Cunninghum19). This research lead to reforms in various places like offices, prisons, and classes, where officials concerned strived to create more space in order to reduce levels of stress in persons, in the various contexts mentioned. Psychologists have also used animals to study the activity of the brain trough scanning the brains of various animals. Various practiced behavioral concepts, such as reinforcement and reward for positive behavior, and punishment for negative behavior, especially as concerns raising human children, trace their origins in experimentation with animals. The famous Russian behavioral scientists Ivan Pavlov used dogs to explain the concept of classical conditioning, a seminal concept that enabled individuals to understand and explain their own behaviors and repetitive habits. Therefore, the field of behavioral sciences has made significant steps towards understanding the behavior of man due animal experimentation. Animal Experimentation in Medical Genetics In order to understand the human genetic arrangement, genetic diseases and conditions, scientists and researchers use animals, specifically the rat, whose genetic composition is most similar to that of man. Scientists have thus been able to study about the dangers of inbreeding, the benefits of early genetic testing to preclude certain genetic diseases that can be passed on from parents to their children, and better understand the gene-related behaviors and actions of humans. Human understanding of genetics through testing in animals has enabled scientists to make progress in other scientific fields. For instance, through genetic manipulation of plant and crops, scientists have been able to grow drought resistant crops that can be used to feed people living in drought prone areas where food crops do not normally survive drought. Such crops thus fee d thousands of people whom in the absence of selective breeding, would have suffered starvation and death, especially in developing countries. Genetically modified foods are also used to feed populations throughout the world, filling a gap that would have existed had humanity chosen to rely on organic foods, which are dependent on the elements of nature only. Therefore, the study of medical genetics, via experimentation with animals, has enabled humanity to use this knowledge and extend it to other fields such as crop production, and the development of medicines extracted from genetically modified plants and animals. The Alternative View There are scientists, animal welfare organizations and other concerned parties who are of the view that medical research on animals is unethical, cruel and unnecessary and thus should be forbidden by law. Proponents of this view have launched various campaigns to highlight the cruelty that some animal species are subjected to in the human quest for medical knowledge and advancement (Doug 252).Advertising Looking for research paper on health law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, these animal welfare organizations argue that animal life has intrinsic value and should thus not be sacrificed at the expense of human life, or human progress in medicine. Additionally, proponents of the banning of medical research on animals state that, the results of medical research on animals should not be extrapolated to humans, because human beings and animals are different, and a specified set of trial results on animals does not mean that similar results will be achieved in humans. However, as discussed in this paper, these concerns and views of the proponents of the banning of medical research on humans need not take this rather extreme view that such research should be banned altogether. The first concern concerning cruelty inflicted on these animals can be corrected through researchers being cautioned and trained in handling the animals in as gentle and painless manner as possible (Eckholm 25). The animals involved in such research can thus be given pain all eviating medicine, and incase the experiment procedure renders the animal life unviable afterwards, are euthanized in a painless and straightforward manner. Concerning the extrapolation of animal experiments to human, this view is hardly supported by the numerous data and research results that show that results of medical experiments on animals have historically (and even in contemporary times) been successfully replicated in humans. Conclusion Medical research on animals has wrought numerous benefits to humanity. The medical fields of biomedicine, behavioral medicine and medical genetics have all progressed and recorded significant gains due to research first conducted on animals. As discussed in this paper, the benefits of medical research on humanity far outweigh the concerns as stated by proponents of the outlawing of animal experimentation. Vaccines and treatment regimes for various diseases that previously led to the death of humans were all discovered through research on anim als. Currently, research on animals guides the attempt to find a vaccine or cure for cancer and AIDS. In the field of behavioral medicine, psychiatric diagnoses and evaluation, and a better understanding of the psychological functioning of the human brain have also benefited from animal experiment. Research on genetics in animals has also enabled humans to prevent certain genetic diseases from being spread to human offspring from the parents, and such research has also been extended to plants, leading to the growth of appropriate plant species for to sustain human life even in areas with harsh climates. Therefore, medical research on animals should be encouraged, and the concerns of those holding an alternative view should be applied only to the extent that such concerns permit the unhindered continuation of such research, because as discussed in this paper such research is vital for human survival and progress. Cunningham, Paul. Animals in Psychology Education and Student Choice. Society Animals magazine, 2000: 19-21. Doug, Brandon. Human Rights, Animal Wrongs? Exploring Attitudes toward Animal Use and Possibilities for Change. Society Animals 18.3 (2010): 251-272. Eckholm, Erik. â€Å"Special to the New York Times: Tests that spare animals reported. New York Times 02 Feb. 1986: 25. Levinson, Ralph, and Michael Reiss. Key Issues in Bioethics: A guide for Teachers. London: New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2003.

Mike Pence Bio - Vice President Under Donald Trump

Mike Pence Bio - Vice President Under Donald Trump Mike Pence is a  former congressman  and  governor of Indiana  who was chosen by Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump to be his running mate in the 2016 election. Both Trump and Pence were elected. Pence is described as a conservatives conservative and was seen as a safe pick for the often erratic and mercurial reality-television star.   Trump announced his choice of a running mate in typical Trump fashion, by posting the news on Twitter. He tweeted: I am pleased to announce that I have chosen Governor Mike Pence as my Vice Presidential running mate.   Pence later tweeted:  Honored to join realDonaldTrump and work to make America great again. In announcing Pence as his running make, Trump sought to cast the Republican ticket as the law and order candidates. Trump and Pence sought to contrast themselves with Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton, whose use of a personal email server drew fire from the FBI and involvement in numerous other scandals earned her the nickname crooked Hillary. Trump made the announcement on July 15, 2016, just three days before the start of that years  Republican National Convention in Cleveland, Ohio. Trumps timing was typical in modern presidential politics. The  party nominees often announce their choice of running mates in the days and weeks leading up to the nominating conventions. Only twice have they  waited until the conventions. What a difference  between crooked Hillary Clinton and Mike Pence ... Hes a  solid, solid person, Trump said in introducing Pence. Trump described Pence as my partner in this campaign. Reaction to  Trumps Choice of Running Mate Trumps selection of Pence as a running mate was seen as both a safe pick and one that could come with potential pitfalls. Trump will benefit from Pences solid conservative credentials, particularly when it comes to social issues such as abortion and gay rights. Pence is an outspoken opponent of abortion rights and fierce defender of religious freedom. He came under fire in 2015 for signing a law that many believed would have allowed Indiana business owners to deny service to gays and lesbians on religious grounds. Having Pence on the Republican ticket could win votes from religious conservatives who are not convinced Trump has the same convictions. Trump, who was registered as a Democrat for more than eight years in the 2000s, has remained relatively silent on social issues such as abortion and gay rights. Pences aversion to the in-your-face style politicking  could also complement Trumps more abrasive style of campaigning. Trump is unpredictable, forceful and, at times, impolite. Pence is predictable, some might say to a fault. Pence does not shy from a fight, but forceful is not a word that is used often to describe him. Pence is Midwestern polite,  Andrew Downs, director of the Mike Downs Center for Indiana Politics at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, wrote in The Washington Post. On the downside: Pence is seen as somewhat ... bland. Boring. Too conventional. Hes also  - again  - socially conservative. Very socially conservative. And that, some pundits believe, could turn off moderate Republicans and independent voters. â€Å"Mike sees himself as a champion of a very culturally conservative set of values that represent small-town Middle America,†Ã‚  Leslie Lenkowsky, a former professor at Indiana University, told The New York Times.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"He sees his role as protecting them.† Other Potential Running Mates Pence was among three people Trump was seriously considering for the vice presidency. The other two were New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich.  Pence, Christie and Gingrich were on Trumps final short list of potential running mates.   Trump claimed Pence was his first choice all during the vetting process. At least one published report indicated, however, indicated that Trump had sought to reverse course after the news media began reporting he had chosen the Indiana governor. Trump denied those reports. Indiana Gov. Mike Pence was my first choice, Trump said. The Clinton campaign, however, seized on claims Trump was waffling over his running mate. It released an ad with the line:  Donald Trump. Always divisive. Not so decisive. Pences Political Career Pence served 12 years in the House of Representatives as the congressman from Indianas 2nd and 6th Congressional Districts. He was later elected governor of Indiana and was serving his first four-year term when Trump asked him to join the 2016 presidential ticket. Heres a summary of Pences political career: 1986: Ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives.1988:  Ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives.2000: Won election to Indianas 2nd Congressional District seat.2002: Won re-election to the seat, which was renumbered the 6th Congressional District. He also won re-election to two-year terms in 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010.  2012: Won the Indiana governor election and took office in January 2013.2016: Chosen as Trumps vice presidential nominee. Pence held two prominent leadership posts in the House: chairman of the Republican Study Committee and chairman of the House Republican Conference.   3 Major Pence  Controversies One of the most high-profile controversies surrounding Pence came during his tenure as governor of Indiana. The Periods for Pence movement was launched after Pence signed a strict anti-abortion law that banned women from getting the procedure if their motivation was to prevent the birth of a disabled child. â€Å"I believe that a society can be judged by how it deals with its most vulnerable- the aged, the infirm, the disabled and the unborn, Pence said after signing the law in March 2016.  The law, he said, will ensure the dignified final treatment of the unborn and prohibits abortions that are based only on the unborn childs sex, race, color, national origin, ancestry, or disability, including Down syndrome.   The Periods for Pence movement protest the law, saying it treats women like children and is too intrusive. One provision of the law requires any  miscarried fetus to be  interred or cremated by a facility having possession of the remains. On Facebook, the Periods for Pence movement mocked the provision  and urged women to flood the governors office with calls. Fertilized eggs can be expelled during a womans period without a woman even knowing that she might have had the potential blastocyst in her. Therefore, any period could potentially be a miscarriage without knowledge. I would certainly hate for any of my fellow Hoosier women to be at risk of penalty if they do not properly dispose of this or report it. Just to cover our bases, perhaps we should make sure to contact Governor Pences office to report our periods. We wouldnt want him thinking that THOUSANDS OF HOOSIER WOMEN A DAY are trying to hide anything, would we?Lets make our bodies Mikes business for real, if this is how he wants it. Another major controversy was Pences signing of the  Religious Freedom Restoration Act in 2015, which came under fire across the United States from critics who contended it allowed business owners to refuse service to gays and lesbians based on their religious beliefs. Pence later signed a revised version of the law  that stripped out the controversial provisions and said there had been misunderstanding about the original versions.  This law has become a subject of great misunderstanding and controversy across our state and nation. However we got here, we are where we are, and it is important that our state take action to address the concerns that have been raised and move forward.†Ã‚   Early in Pences political career, he was embarrassed when it was discovered he used nearly $13,000 in  donations to his 1990 congressional campaign to pay the mortgage on his house, as well as cover other personal expenses including his credit card bill, car payments and groceries. While not illegal at the time, Pences personal use of political donations cost him the election that year. He apologized to voters and described his behavior as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"an exercise in naivete.† Professional Career Pence, like many members of Congress and governors, is an attorney by trade.  He also hosted a conservative talk radio show in the 1990s called the  The Mike Pence Show, once  describing himself as Rush Limbaugh on decaf.   Faith Pence once considered entering the priesthood, according to The New York Times.  He has described himself as an evangelical Catholic. He has also said he is â€Å"a Christian, a conservative and a Republican, in that order.† Education Pence graduated with a bachelors degree in history  from  Hanover College in  Hanover, Indiana, in 1981. A college profile of Pence says he  served as president of United Campus Ministries Board and on the staff of the student newspaper, The Triangle. He would be the second Hanover College graduate to be vice president. The first was 1841 graduate  Thomas Hendricks, who was vice president  under Grover Cleveland. Pence earned a law degree from Indiana Universitys  Robert H. McKinney School of Law in  Indianapolis in 1986. He graduated from  Columbus North High School in Columbus, Indiana. Personal Life Pence was born  in Columbus, Bartholomew County, Indiana, on June 7, 1959. His father was the manager of a gas station in town.   He is married to Karen Pence. The couple got married in 1985 and have three children:  Michael, Charlotte and Audrey.