Saturday, January 25, 2020

Nathaniel Hawthorne | Dr Heideggers Experiment

Nathaniel Hawthorne | Dr Heideggers Experiment Dr. Heideggers Experiment is a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in the 19th century. Dr. Heideggers Experiment is about a doctor who claims to have water from the fountain of youth. He then he invites his friends over and conducts an experiment on them. He uses the water from the fountain of youth and makes them young again, but they break the vase holding the water and it wears off. Nathaniel Hawthorne is an American novelist and writer. He is known for his allegorical tales and excellent usage of literary devices. In Dr. Heideggers Experiment, Hawthorne uses symbolism, allegory and characterization to describe how people dont learn from their mistakes. Hawthorne uses the characterization of Dr. Heidegger to describe how people dont learn from their mistakes. Right before Dr. Heidegger lets his friends drink the water from the fountain of youth he says, Before you drink, my respectable old friends, said he, it would be well that, with the experience of a lifetime to direct you, you should draw up a few general rules for your guidance, in passing a second time through the perils of youth. Think what a sin and shame it would be, if, with your peculiar advantages, you should not become patterns of virtue and wisdom to all the young people of the age!' (Holt 231). Dr. Heidegger is characterized as uninterested in the how growing young again happens, or how the water from the fountain works. It is also revealed that Dr. Heidegger is wise, and is seeking answers about peoples behaviour and the folly of man. Dr. Heidegger has the intention of testing whether if given the opportunity, will people change their ways and learn from their mista kes. After the vase holding the water from the fountain breaks, Dr. Heidegger says, Yes, friends, ye are old again, said Dr. Heidegger, and lo! the Water of Youth is all lavished on the ground. WellI bemoan it not; for if the fountain gushed at my very doorstep, I would not stoop to bathe my lips in itno, though its delirium were for years instead of moments. Such is the lesson ye have taught me!' (235). It is revealed that Dr. Heidegger is curious about whether one will learn from his/her mistakes of the past. Dr. Heideggers experiments hypothesis that people dont learn from their mistakes was proven to be accurate. For my own part, having had much trouble in growing old, Im in no hurry to grow young again (231). Dr. Heidegger is characterized as one who values age and experience which he understands gives him wisdom. He remembers the mistakes he made in the past and learns from it. Hawthorne wrote Dr. Heideggers Experiment as allegory, where the four friends taking part in the experiment stand for mistakes and flaws which they dont change, to describe how people dont learn from their mistakes. As Hawthorne introduces the characters at the beginning of the short story he writes, Mr. Medbourne, in the vigor of his age, had been a prosperous merchant, but had lost his all by a frantic speculation, and was now little better than a mendicant (228). Mr. Medbourne stands for greed. He lost money making bad business decisions in the past. After the four friends transformed into their younger selves, Hawthorne writes, Mr. Medbourne was involved in a calculation of dollars and cents, with which was strangely intermingled a project for supplying the East Indies with ice, by harnessing a team of whales to the polar icebergs (233). Mr. Medbourne made the same foolish greedy business ventures again when he transformed. He has not learned from his mistakes. As Hawthorne intro duces the characters at the beginning of the short story he writes, Colonel Killigrew had wasted his best years, and his health and substance, in the pursuit of sinful pleasures, which had given birth to a brood of pains, such as the gout, and divers other torments of soul and body (228). He also describes Colonel Killgrew later in the story, Colonel Killigrews compliments were not always measured by sober truth (232). Colonel Killigrew stands for dishonesty and sin. He was a liar and pursued sinful pleasures, such as drinking and lusting. After the four friends transformed into their younger selves, Hawthorne writes, Colonel Killigrew all this time had been trolling forth a jolly bottle song, and ringing his glass in symphony with the chorus, while his eyes wandered toward the buxom figure of the Widow Wycherly (233). Colonel Killigrew is once again lusting and drinking excessively when he transformed. He is repeating the mistakes he made in the past. As Hawthorne introduces the ch aracters at the beginning of the short story he writes, Mr. Gascoigne was a ruined politician, a man of evil fame, or at least had been so till time had buried him from the knowledge of the present generation, and made him obscure instead of infamous (228). Mr. Gascoigne stands for stagnation. He failed as politician due to the lack of new ideas. After the four friends transformed into their younger selves, Hawthorne writes, Mr. Gascoignes mind seemed to run on political topics, but whether relating to the past, present, or future, could not easily be determined, since the same ideas and phrases have been in vogue these fifty years (233). His mind ran on the same ideas and topics just as he did in the past. He didnt learn from his mistakes and change. As Hawthorne introduces the characters at the beginning of the short story he writes, As for the Widow Wycherly, tradition tells us that she was a great beauty in her day; but, for a long while past, she had lived in deep seclusion, on account of certain scandalous stories which had prejudiced the gentry of the town against her (228). Widow Wycherly stands for vanity and promiscuity. She was very beautiful and did many scandalous things which forced her to go into hiding. After the four friends transformed into their younger selves, Hawthorne writes, As for the Widow Wycherly, she stood before the mirror courtesying and simpering to her own image, and greeting it as the friend whom she loved better than all the world beside. She thrust her face close to the glass, to see whether some long-remembered wrinkle or crows foot had indeed vanished. She examined whether the snow had so entirely melted from her hair that the venerable cap could be safely thrown aside (233). Hawthorne also writes, Doctor, you dear old soul, cried she, gets up and dance with me!' (234). Widow Wycherly is repeating her obsession with looks and vanity. She is also not changing her old promiscuous ways. She doesnt learn from her mistakes. When introducing the characters, Hawthorne also writes, It is a circumstance worth mentioning that each of these three old gentlemen, Mr. Medbourne, Colonel Killigrew, and Mr. Gascoigne, were early lovers of the Widow Wycherly, and had once been on the point of cutting each others throats for her sake (228). The three men used to fight over Wycherly. This conflict between the characters stands for hate. After the transformation, Hawthorne also writes, Dance with me, Clara! cried Colonel Killigrew. No, no, I will be her partner! shouted Mr. Gascoigne. She promised me her hand, fifty years ago! exclaimed Mr. Medbourne. They all gathered round her. One caught both her hands in his passionate grasp another threw his arm about her waistthe third buried his hand among the glossy curls that clustered beneath the widows cap. Blushing, panting, struggling, chiding, laughing, her warm breath fanning each of their faces by turns, she strove to disengage herself, yet still remained in their triple embrace (234). The four of them repeated what happened in the past and the men started fighting over Wycherly again. They all again didnt learn from their mistakes. Hawthorne uses symbolism of items belonging to Dr. Heidegger to describe how people dont learn from their mistakes. When describing Dr. Heideggers study, it says, Between two of the bookcases hung a looking-glass, presenting its high and dusty plate within a tarnished gilt frame. Among many wonderful stories related of this mirror, it was fabled that the spirits of all the doctors deceased patients dwelt within its verge, and would stare him in the face whenever he looked thitherward (229). The mirror symbolizes Dr. Heideggers failures as a doctor. The mirror reminds him of those failures and he learns from them. After the transformation and when they are fighting over Wycherly, it says, Never was there a lovelier picture of youthful rivalship, with bewitching beauty as the prize. Yet by some strange deception, owning to the duskiness of the chamber, and the antique dresses which they still wore, the tall mirror is said to have reflected the figures of three, old, gray, withered gran d-sires, ridiculously contending for the skinny ugliness of a shrivelled grand-dam (234). The mirror reveals that they are making the same mistakes as they did in the past and how foolish they are. The mirror symbolizes their repetition of those mistakes. When first introducing the experiment Dr Hiedegger says, This rose, said Dr. Heidegger, with a sigh, this same withered and crumbling flower, blossomed five and fifty years ago. It was given me by Sylvia Ward, whose portrait hangs yonder; and I meant to wear it in my bosom at our wedding. Five and fifty years it has been treasured between the leaves of this old volume. Now, would you deem it possible that this rose of half a century could ever bloom again?' (230). Dr. Heidegger kept this rose as a reminder of his mistakes in his relationship with his dead wife. It symbolizes Dr. Heideggers learned lessons of the past. Also in the description of Dr. Heideggers study, it says, In the obscurest corner of the room stood a tall and narr ow oaken closet, with its door ajar, within which doubtfully appeared a skeleton (229).The skeleton symbolizes peoples refusal to learn from their mistakes and as a result being internally dead. The skeleton being kept in the closet reveals that Dr. Heidegger has past horrible mistakes that he now learns from. The usage of the literary devices characterization, allegory and symbolism by Hawthorne excellently reveals the theme of the story, which is that people dont learn from their mistakes. Hawthorne characterizes Dr. Heidegger as wise and seeking answers about peoples behavior. Dr. Heideggers real intention of the experiment was to find out whether his friends will learn from their mistakes. Dr. Heideggers Experiment is written as an allegory. The four friends taking part in the experiment stand for the mistakes of the past which stay unchanged. Mr. Medbourne represents greed, Colonel Killigrew represents dishonesty and sin, Mr. Gascoigne represents stagnation, and Widow Wycherly represents vanity and promiscuity. The three mens conflict over Widow Wycherly represents hate. Items owned by Dr. Heidegger symbolize different aspects of learning from mistakes. The mirror represents Dr. Heideggers mistakes as a doctor and the repetition of mistake. The rose symbolizes Dr. Heideggers learned l essons of the past. The skeleton symbolizes Dr. Heideggers mistakes and also people not learning from their mistakes. Siddhartha: Book Analysis Siddhartha: Book Analysis One utilizes a potters wheel to mold and shape a piece of clay. As the wheel continues to spin, the clay transforms into a beautiful shape of art. This tool, however exists as more than just a mechanism for sculpting clay. The potters wheel stands as a profound metaphor for the circle of life. Herman Hesses prolific novel, Siddhartha, illustrates this metaphor through the examination of its protagonists life. In Siddharthas spiritual journey, his potters wheel initially spins, then slows down almost to the point of a standstill, and, with the help of that delay, sets into motion again. Just as the wheel physically sculpts clay into beautiful art, it metaphorically sculpts Siddharthas life into enlightenment. Siddharthas potters wheel spins from the very beginning of the story. Even his name exemplifies this metaphor, for it translates into the journey of life. (Lachotta) As the son of a Brahmin, Siddhartha feels unsatisfied with his transitory existence. (Hesse) He constantly thirsts for spiritual knowledge. In an effort to obtain this knowledge, he pumps the pedal of his potters wheel, and leaves his family behind to live a life of asceticism. On his spiritual journey, he encounters the samanas and Gotama, but cannot accept their teachings. He believes that true peace cannot be taught; he must experience it for himself. He expresses this belief in his conversation with the exalted Buddha, stating that for myself alone must I judge, must I choose, must I decline. (Hesse) In essence, he believes that he exists as the only potter in control of his wheel. He realizes that only he can cultivate his clay of life. As his journey continues into the city, his eyes become transfixed on an entirel y different existence Kamalas love. Although he previously denies all teachers, he allows Kamala and Kamaswami to teach him the arts of love and trade. This sets the new motion within his potters wheel, and ultimately, the new motion within his circle of life. As Siddhartha adapts to this new life of prosperity, he remains the samana within his heart. He continues to practice his own arts of thinking, fasting, and waiting, and feels indifferent to business affairs. (Hesse) However, as he plunges further into the world of the child people, his wheel begins to slow. The game of samsara begins to occupy his thoughts as much as the gods and Brahmin once [occupy] them. As Siddhartha makes love to Kamala, he slowly becomes seized by the spiritual malaise of the rich. (Hesse) The potters wheel within in his soul encompasses the wheel of asceticism, the wheel of thinking, [and] the wheel of determination. These wheels continue to whirl. However, they now spin slowly and hesitantly, and nearly [come] to a standstill. A slower speed in a potters wheel prompts errors in the clays structure. Similarly, this speed endangers Siddharthas self. Once the wheel reaches a standstill, it contains the potential to permanently engulf its creation. Siddhartha no tices this gradual transformation within his self, but becomes paralyzed to act against it. He lives as the hollow men do in the twilight kingdom. (Eliot) No longer a man of spirituality, he becomes a prisoner to gambling, wine, and dancing girls; he exists as the bird in the golden cage. In a symbolic dream, Siddhartha sees that the bird in the golden cage lies dead. This prompts him to head to the river, where his wheel sets into another motion. Upon his arrival to the river, Siddhartha stands hesitantly by the shore. The bird in his heart feels dead, and thus, his potters wheel feels at a standstill. He spits at his reflection, and then plunges into the water, where he sinks down toward death. Then he hears a word from the remote precincts of his soul. The holy OM of perfect completion penetrates his being, and sets his wheel in motion again. Siddhartha feels reborn. He realizes that with his unity of suffering and prosperity, he achieves true understanding of the world; he achieves nirvana. Although the slowing of the wheel exists as potentially detrimental to the clay, it also exists as necessary for a beautiful masterpiece. Paralleling the unity of both worlds, a potter must spin the wheel both fast to make the clay taller, and slow to center it. (Devries) Thus, Siddhartha molds his clay into enlightenment. Also, just as Siddhartha went through many smaller cycles to achieve his goals, the potters wheel spins in smaller cycles as it cultivates the clay. Siddhartha realizes these many cycles of life when he tells Govinda that the wheel of forms turns quickly. Furthermore, the river guides Siddhartha through his entire journey, just as the potter must continuously wet the clay as he guides its final shape. Water, therefore, exists as the sustenance for the potters wheel, in both physical and metaphorical terms. Siddharthas wheel sets into motion again, and ultimately, he completes his circle of life. Overall, Siddharthas spiritual journey parallels that of a potters wheel. Hesse creates this metaphor as the circle of life, and intricately weaves it throughout his entire novel. Siddharthas wheel initially spins, slows down almost to a standstill, and, with the help of that delay, sets into motion again. A potter must meet both motions in order to obtain a deeper and more beautiful creation. Otherwise, the creation exists as nothing more than a shadow, just as Siddhartha before he obtains his unity. In the end, Siddharthas circle of life results in an enlightened self. With his potters wheel, he creates something beautiful.

Friday, January 17, 2020

How Does F. Scott Fitzgerald Portray Daisy and Tom in the First Chapter

The Buchanans have been stereotypically introduced by Fitzgerald as the typical representation of the â€Å"Lost Generation† (Gertrude Stein). Tom and Daisy Buchanan inhabit qualities of America during the era after WW1 – people were intolerant, materialistic and lacked spiritualism. They live in the East Egg and are the representations of the love for a Romantic lifestyle and the desperation to seek new ideas (generally from Europe) and accept them. The Buchanans have spent a year in France in pursuit of pleasure, not (like Nick) on war service and Fitzgerald describes them as wealthy drifters who â€Å"drifted here and there unrestfully†.They are part of a community who were â€Å"rich together† and this implies a questionable significance of their lives, whether existing was the only objective. Further on in the novel, it can be seen that Tom and Daisy’s aimless way of life establishes a contrast with the disciplined schedule drawn up by young Ja mes Gatz, which is displayed, following Gatsby’s death, proudly by his father. The Buchanans live in a â€Å"Georgian Colonial mansion† which instantly places them amongst the elite and patrician.The irony of the description, â€Å"cheerful† is that despite the attempt of trying to create a perfect life and trying to ensure everyone is notified of how rich they were, Fitzgerald shows throughout the novel that the reality of the Buchanans’ were nowhere near as â€Å"cheerful† as it initially seems. The colours used to describe Buchanan’s place are rich, â€Å"gold† having the double implication of wealth and sunshine. The decor of the house harks to the European influences showing the eagerness to flaunt their â€Å"french windows†, again in attempt to emphasise how the American upper class had their privileges based on their wealth.However, Tom seems to be uncomfortable in his own surroundings, at one point his eyes begin †Å"flashing about restlessly† – he is desperate to be perfect, desperate to be stronger and more of a man† than Nick is. Tom Buchanan is displayed as a domineering, self centred character, with traditionalist views. He had reached â€Å"an acute limited excellence† despite being in the same generation as Nick. This supports the idea of the purposeless life led by Tom, as afterwards would only be the â€Å"savours of anti-climax†. Fitzgerald describes Tom with â€Å"shining arrogant eyes† who had â€Å"established dominance†.He is a well built, sturdy man living in a life of luxuries such as football and riding. The description of Tom â€Å"standing with his legs apart on the front porch† portrays a forceful dictatorial presence. He had a â€Å"cruel body†, one which was â€Å"capable of enormous leverage† – perhaps Nick’s view that Tom being the social superior would instantly mean he would inhabit this staggering ability to accomplish anything. Tom is commanding and Fitzgerald shows this by describing the way Nick is â€Å"compelled† from room to room as Tom wishes, using brute force to wedge his arm â€Å"imperatively† under Nick’s.Further into chapter one, Daisy refers to the â€Å"great, big, hulking physical specimen† which is Tom – he is brutalised by his selfishness and arrogance and does not consider the consequences of his actions. Despite being a man of power (bother physical and socially) and wealth there were men who â€Å"hated his guts†, Nick says he has a trace of â€Å"paternal contempt† which may have inspired this hatred from his peers; this also implies discreet disapproval between citizens of the East Egg, and on a wider scale, the superiors of the social hierarchy.Fitzgerald shows, through racist comments of Tom Buchanan, an American reality of social division by race and gender. He accuses â€Å"other racesâ⠂¬  of threatening the â€Å"Nordic race† making references to a book, â€Å"The Rise of the Coloured Empires by his man Goddard†. He attempts to put across intelligent views and opinions but it becomes apparent that this is definitely not the case. His view of white people being the â€Å"dominant race† demonstrates his simplistic, ignorant and racist values especially considering his northern European ancestry a one way ticket to social superiority.However, America has a motto of â€Å"e pluribus unum† which means â€Å"one from many†, this phrase signifying that America has grown through the mix of different cultures, particularly through immigration. He tries to enforce his views by claiming it is scientifically proved. The nativist group, the Klu Klux Klan at the time of the novel, tried to use â€Å"scientific proof†, however it was later revealed they used eugenics to prove the â€Å"inferiority† of Asians and immigrants from Europeans – this indicating how Tom’s claims are very much in the wrong.Tom sees Daisy as the inferior in their relationship and does make an effort to hide this from Nick. He openly ignores Daisy when listing the â€Å"Nordics†, hesitating before including Daisy with a â€Å"slight nod†. He criticizes how Jordan Baker should not be allowed to â€Å"run around the country† showing his traditional, old fashioned views of a woman’s role and showing disapproval of the amount of freedom and success Jordan has been given. Daisy Buchanan is introduced as an absolute contrast to her husband. Some traits revealed throughout the process of chapter one is that she is frail and diminutive, touching on the edge of being shallow.The overly exaggerated opening to Daisy, as described by Fitzgerald through Nick, shows her being â€Å"p-paralysed with happiness†. This stutter and the use of the verb â€Å"paralysed† implies a fake impression th at Daisy puts on to fool others, as the reader finds out later in the chapter. The constant reference to Daisy’s â€Å"thrilling† laughter and voice is used to represent Daisy herself; the â€Å"charming little laugh† is the synecdoche for Daisy’s character, this compulsive power of her voice of Daisy used by Fitzgerald in Chapter 2, where Tom’s mistress tries to imitate the life of Daisy’s.Nick describes Daisy’s â€Å"singing compulsion†; her voice also ceases to â€Å"compel† his attention. Such use of language attributes to her the powerful enchantment of the siren on the rocks, who drew passing sailors to their doom; this pays tribute to the sexual allure. The scene where Daisy’s little finger is injured, Daisy seems to lose maturity altogether and revert to being a spoilt young girl, dramatically accusing Tom. She, like Tom, is also corrupted by her immense wealth.She and Jordan are dressed in white when Nick arrives, and she mentions that they spent a â€Å"white girl-hood† together; the ostensible purity of Daisy and Jordan stands in ironic contrast to their actual decadence and this can be ambiguous in meaning in that Daisy had meant it in a racist manner. Daisy is blinded by the self interest and wealth, becoming ecstatic at the idea of being missed, to the extent that the baby she has becomes irrelevant. â€Å"The baby† seems to be a prop in the life of Daisy, a symbol of being Tom’s wife, something which makes this marriage agreement official.The top and foremost layer, of which everyone is familiar with in the character of Daisy, hides a more â€Å"sophisticated† Daisy. Hints throughout the chapter indicate problems within the Buchanan relationship. Daisy’s face was â€Å"sad† and when she had injured herself, she attempted to call out for help and attention seeking, in that she was hurting and suffering in this relationship. Daisy confid es in Nick about the truths of the life of being Mrs Buchanan.After giving birth, she felt â€Å"utterly abandoned†, implying the fragility of Tom and Daisy’s relationship, despite later on in the novel, the Buchanans realise how much they value each other. Unlike the typical Daisy, Fitzgerald allows Daisy to make a crucial criticism while confiding in Nick; when being notified of having a daughter she states that the best thing a girl can be in the world is a â€Å"beautiful little fool†. This criticizes the social position of women and the limits that are imposed on them.Thus, this shows a more intelligent side of Daisy, she feels like she has to put on a ditzy act in order to do the best she can in society – a complete contrast to the role of Jordan Baker. However, Daisy does not hesitate to accept the pride of being â€Å"sophisticated† and â€Å"rather like Tom† has been blinded by the likes of self interest. Furthermore the lives of th e Buchanans have been deadened; â€Å"impersonal eyes† show the lack of spirituality and a meaningless life. Nick here suggests that life in the West is more alive than the bore of the daily routine in the riches of the East.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

An Unforgettable Journey With My Mom Essay - 1175 Words

Being lost has to be one of the loneliest feelings anyone can have. It can happen at any time and any place and the scariest thought that could go through my mind is never being found. The thought of this adventure turning into a prolonged nightmare was unforeseen. Contemplations washing through my brain as if the ocean was speaking to me itself. I am a speck, nonexistent in the blue, and terrified of my mind; worried for my life. On May 6, 2013, I had set out to go on an unforgettable journey with my mom. We took a trip to Mexico where we found a hidden beach. Curious as to where we were, we asked the locals what the name of this beach was, but instead of telling us the actual name, they called it â€Å"Paradise.† I couldn’t blame them for keeping it a secret, after all it was a hidden beach and it did feel like we were in paradise. It was a beautiful morning, I sat beside my mom, who was drinking a glass of refreshing lemonade, and we were enjoying the wonderful breez e. I loved feeling the beaches soft, warm sand while staring at the vibrant blue waves as the morning light glistened upon them as they crashed onto shore. A few hours later, we decided to continue our journey down the road to see where it would take us. We found ourselves on a public beach where so many people were parasailing. It was something I had always wanted to do and as soon as my mom approved of it, we were on our way to parasailing for our very first time! It was clear to everyone around me that I wasShow MoreRelatedMothers And Daughters Have Those Typical Mother Daughter Talks984 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat listener who unconditionally loves you. My mother possesses those qualities; they just aren t usually put to use. Each time we have our mother-daughter talks they tend to be at the weirdest times: while driving me to dance practice, while doing my hair, when I m trying to go to bed, etc. There is nothing wrong with that. I know my mom is really busy. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

College Students Sleep, Sleep Disorders, And Mental...

When people hear the word sleep, they often fantasize themselves crawling into their cozy bed after a long, tiresome day. For countless college students, sleep is often just a dream. Countless studies have been done to attempt to understand why college students seem to lack of sleep and why they have a challenging time acquiring a suitable night’s sleep. After skimming through various articles, I found a few major themes correlated with college students and sleep: poor GPA, sleep disorders, and mental disorders. The amount of sleep a college student gets can effect or cause the previously stated themes. When a student sleeps, they are not only fulfilling a psychological need to function, they are also preventing things such as a low GPA, sleep disorders, and mental disorders. Through the years, the acronym GPA has grown to become something that a bulk of college students overlook. Nevertheless I learned from experience, GPA matters. I have seen family members in college get tu rned down from internships due to a low GPA; these internships could have helped them find their dream job. A number of higher education institutions only grant internships to students with a minimum GPA of 3.0 (Maynard, Michael L., 2000). Due to this information, students study longer, strenuous hours in an attempt to make up for lost time. What they fail to notice is one vital component they are leaving out of their now crammed routine: sleep. Through many studies, sleep has proven to be aShow MoreRelatedCollege Students Exposure to Mental Illness743 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Many American students who graduate school seeking a higher education through college and or technical school is typically idolized amongst families and peers. Unfortunately, college has become extremely expensive for those living in the middle and lower class households. 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