Perioperative Observation Paper - 1455 Words

Perioperative Observation Paper Jenna Vaccaro Lewis University College of Nursing and Health Professions Abstract As a clinical requirement for my Adult 1: Medical-Surgical course, I had the opportunity to observe a patient in the Operating Room and in the Post Anesthesia Unit of Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital. The procedure that I observed was a left total knee replacement. The patient needed this surgery because she was experiencing osteoarthritis, and this surgery could alleviate her pain and discomfort. I was with the patient from the end of her stay in the pre-operative holding area to the Operating Room, and then to the Post Anesthesia Care Unit. This paper will include background inquiry, preoperative and operative†¦show more content†¦X-rays can be used for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis; the images would reveal damage and other changes related to osteoarthritis. With osteoarthritis of the knees, the patient would experience progressively increasing pain, stiffness, and they would have a decrease in daily functions. Patients experiencing these symptoms can be eligible for a t otal knee replacement. The surgical procedure. A total knee replacement is a surgical procedure where the diseased knee joint is completely replaced by artificial materials that resemble the original knee joint. The orthopedic surgeon removed the end of the femur and the end of the tibia by using metal pieces and sawing the bone, to ensure that he removes the right amount of bone. The end of the femur bone is replaced with metal and the end of the tibia bone is replaced with plastic and metal. A plastic piece was added under the patella because the surface under the patella was damaged as well. These artificial materials, called prosthesis, have smooth surfaces so when they rub against each other, it does not cause damage and is pain-free. The purpose of this surgery is to remove the diseased portions of the joint and replace it with artificial materials to prevent further deterioration and eliminate pain, stiffness, and decreases in function that were caused by the osteoarthritis. Preoperative and Operative Phase The surgical suite was clean, well lit, and very organized. All of the tools andShow MoreRelatedPerioperative Observation Experience. I Observed A Laparoscopic1323 Words   |  6 PagesPerioperative Observation Experience I observed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Sentara Albemarle Medical Center. In this paper, I will cover pre-operative tasks, surgical procedure, anesthesia and interventions, roles and functions of the nurse, and surgical team members. I will also cover safety and comfort concerns along with nursing diagnoses related to this surgery. 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Organizational Overview Southwest General Hospital (SGH) is locatedRead MoreImportance Of Perioperative Glycemic Control : A Report From The Surgical Care And Outcomes Assessment Program1830 Words   |  8 PagesImportance of Perioperative Glycemic Control in General Surgery: A Report from the Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program Summary: There is an evidence to show that poor preoperative and postoperative glycemic control is associated with poor surgical outcomes. Controlling the patient glucose levels to an acceptable range is liable to reduce the risk of developing complications. The clinical goal is to optimize metabolic control through close monitoring of patient, appropriate fluid intakeRead MorePreventing Patient Falls : Evidence Based Practice Applied Nursing Research759 Words   |  4 Pagesbasic interventions can be missed. A2. Review of Literature The authors of this research article used several credible journal articles to build a background of information before starting their own observations and data review. In total the authors used twenty-five research articles for their paper and used the evidence they found to support their own findings. The research used for this article was informative and used appropriately for the purpose of the article. The authors used Micelli Grey’sRead MoreCase Study : Georgia College And State University1400 Words   |  6 Pages Critical Insight Paper Lori Starr Georgia College and State University Critical Insight Paper The process of Evidence Based Practice is not truly complete until research translation occurs. Research translation is the transfer of research to the clinical setting where practices can be implemented, evaluated, and communicated. Research is produced and published at high rates while changes in education and practice are slow (Doody, 2011). There are multiple research translation modelsRead MoreThe Acceptable Toxicity Level Of New Chemotherapeutic Regimen1489 Words   |  6 Pagesregimen that balances out its effective response rate and level of toxicity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The author provides evidence that the intensive FOLFOXIRI treatment has an acceptable toxicity profile through their observations of decreases in tumour size in liver/extrahepatic metastases and long overall survival (OS) and progressive free survival rate (PFS). The implications of the clinical trial is that the dose-limiting toxicity level of FOLFOXIRI can be used in neoa djuvantRead MoreThe Legal And Ethical Framework ( Atkins, Britton De Lacey 20111376 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nurses play a vital role in safe and effective pain management to optimise patients’ outcomes and to reduce pain-associated complications within the legal and ethical framework (Atkins, Britton De Lacey 2011; Glowacki 2015). This paper will apply clinical reason cycle as a framework to approach an immediate postoperative case, discussing its legal and ethical issues that arise by the actions of two nurses regarding pain assessment and morphine administration, and offer a possible approachRead MoreThe Delivery Of Healthcare Is The Proper Management Of Patient Pain1912 Words   |  8 Pagespost-surgical settings. This paper will look at the application of pain management in an Evidence-Based Practice context. To guide an EBP implementation the following PICOT serves as the contextual framework: â€Å"Do adult patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty receive adequate pain relief in the postoperative phase when receiving Tramadol (an opioid) during the perioperative phase compared to patients who receive an alternate pain medication in the perioperative phase?† This PICOT drives a more

The Golden Lily Chapter 16 Free Essays

string(54) " nothing compared to your safety,† he finished\." I WASTED NO TIME in getting the group together. This was big. I still didn’t know the level of danger we were facing, but I refused to take any chances. We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Lily Chapter 16 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I chose Clarence’s house as a meeting spot, seeing as the hunters didn’t know about it yet. It still made me nervous. I would’ve been nervous even if we’d been meeting in an Alchemist bunker. And apparently, â€Å"hunters† wasn’t even the right term. According to their low-quality pamphlet, they called themselves â€Å"The Warriors of Light.† I wasn’t sure they deserved that fancy title, especially since in their mission statement, they spelled â€Å"abyss† as â€Å"abiss.† The pamphlet was really very sparse, simply stating that there was an evil walking among humanity and that the Warriors were the force there to destroy it. They urged their fellow humans to be ready and stay pure. None of the vampires were mentioned by name, for which I was glad. The pamphlet also didn’t mention much about any of the shared history they claimed to have with the Alchemists. Before we went to Clarence’s, Eddie scoured Latte for any sort of tracking device. The very idea creeped me out, the same way being watched at Adrian’s did. There was a feeling of violation to it all. It was only my lack of faith in their technology that made me feel somewhat better. â€Å"It seems unlikely they’d be that advanced,† I told Eddie, as he wiggled under the car. â€Å"I mean, that pamphlet looked like it had been made on a 1980s copy machine. I don’t know if that’s because they’ve had the pamphlets sitting around that long or if that’s the actual machine they still use†¦ but regardless, they don’t scream high tech to me.† â€Å"Maybe,† he agreed, voice slightly muffled. â€Å"But we can’t take any chances. We don’t know what they’re capable of. And for all we know, they’re trying to hook up with the Alchemists to score technology.† Chills ran through me. It was an outrageous thought: that the Alchemists and this violent fringe group could be related. It had been crazy when Adrian and I had speculated about it and was hard to accept even in the face of mounting evidence. At least now I had enough information to take to my superiors without being ridiculed. Even though I’d never heard of hunters like this, it seemed plausible that somewhere, at some point, they’d tried to connect with my organization. Hopefully someone in the Alchemists could help. Eddie scooted out from under Latte. â€Å"You’re clean. Let’s head out.† Jill and Angeline were waiting nearby, both tense and anxious. Jill gave Eddie an admiring smile. â€Å"I didn’t know you knew how to do any of this. I never would have even thought about it.† He wiped sweat off his forehead. â€Å"You thought guardian training was all about hitting and kicking?† She flushed. â€Å"Pretty much, yeah.† â€Å"Can you tell me about some of this stuff sometime?† asked Angeline. â€Å"Seems like I should know it.† â€Å"Sure,† said Eddie, sounding like he meant it. She beamed. He’d been much easier around her ever since her attitude had become more serious and restrained. I think some of that good behavior had played a role in me getting permission for her to join us tonight. She was still technically on suspension, but I’d managed to get a special exemption on the grounds of our family’s so-called religion. I’d used a similar excuse when Jill had been suspended last month, in order to take her to feedings. Even still, we were on very strict orders with Angeline tonight. She couldn’t be out for more than two hours, and the price was adding an extra day of suspension to her sentence. We took an abnormal route to Clarence’s, and Eddie watched behind us carefully, looking for any signs of pursuit. He tried to explain some of the things I needed to watch for when I was on my own. I was so nervous, I hardly heard. After a tense ride, we made it safely to Clarence’s. There, we found Adrian already waiting for us. Dimitri had apparently been downtown earlier and picked Adrian up – no doubt taking all the same precautions Eddie had for travel. I’d given Eddie and Dimitri some of the info on the hunters, but everyone else required a more thorough explanation. We gathered in our usual spot, the formal living room, and Dimitri paced around the room, bracing for an attack at any moment. Clarence looked on from his chair with that typical distracted gaze. When I held up the pamphlet, however, he came to life. â€Å"That’s them!† he cried. I thought he might actually spring up from the chair and rip the pamphlet from my hands. â€Å"Those are their symbols!† Most of the same alchemical symbols that had been on the sword were strewn across the pamphlet’s front. â€Å"That circle. I remember that circle.† â€Å"The gold symbol,† I confirmed. â€Å"Or, I guess in their case, the sun symbol since they’re so obsessed with light and dark.† Clarence looked around frantically. â€Å"They’re back! We have to get out of here. I came to this city to escape them, but they’ve found me. We have no time. Where’s Dorothy? Where’s Lee? I must pack!† â€Å"Mr. Donahue,† I said, in as a gentle a tone as I could manage, â€Å"they don’t know you’re here. You’re safe.† I didn’t know if I believed that and hoped I was convincing. â€Å"She’s right,† said Dimitri. â€Å"And even if they did, you know I wouldn’t let them hurt you.† There was such confidence and strength in the way Dimitri spoke that I had a feeling that we’d believe him even if a group of Strigoi were invading, and he said, â€Å"It’s fine, you’re safe.† â€Å"If what you’re saying is true,† said Sonya, â€Å"I’m the one that’s in danger.† She seemed much calmer than I would be in that situation. â€Å"They’re not going to hurt you either,† said Dimitri sharply. â€Å"Especially if you don’t leave this house.† â€Å"The research – † she began. † – is nothing compared to your safety,† he finished. You read "The Golden Lily Chapter 16" in category "Essay examples" There was a look in his eyes that said he would tolerate no arguments. â€Å"You need to get back to Court. You were planning on it anyway. Just make the trip early.† Sonya didn’t look happy about that. â€Å"So I leave the rest of you in danger?† â€Å"Maybe we aren’t,† said Eddie, though the tension in his body said otherwise. â€Å"From what Sydney said – and their mini-manifesto – their focus seems to be Strigoi, not Moroi.† He glanced over at Jill. â€Å"Not that we can let our guard down. If they’ve mistaken Sonya for a Strigoi, who knows what other craziness they might do? Don’t worry. I won’t let them near you.† Jill looked ready to swoon. â€Å"That’s a good idea,† I said. â€Å"They still think the Moroi are a threat but not as much as the Strigoi.† â€Å"Kind of like the Alchemists,† said Adrian. He was sitting in a corner armchair and had been quiet this whole time. I hadn’t seen him since the night of the dance or had any communication with him, which was odd. Even when he wasn’t sending me pathetic e-mails about the experiments, he almost always had some witty quip to pass along. â€Å"True,† I admitted, with a smile. â€Å"But we’re not trying to kill any of you. Not even Strigoi.† â€Å"And there’s the problem,† said Dimitri. â€Å"These warriors are convinced Sonya used to be a Strigoi and is using some trick to disguise herself.† â€Å"Maybe they have some tracking or inventory system,† Sonya mused. â€Å"They keep tabs on various Strigoi in the country and then try to hunt them down.† â€Å"And yet they didn’t know about you,† I pointed out to Dimitri. His face stayed neutral, but I knew it was hard for him to be reminded of his Strigoi days. â€Å"And from what I know†¦ you were much more of a, um, notable figure than Sonya.† He’d essentially been a Strigoi mobster. â€Å"So, if you’re off their radar, they probably don’t have an international presence – or at least not a Russian one.† Angeline leaned forward, hands clasped, and regarded Clarence with a smile sweet enough to justify her name. â€Å"How do you know about them? How did you first run into them?† At first, he looked too terrified to answer, but I think her kindly attitude soothed him. â€Å"Well, they killed my niece, of course.† We all knew Lee had killed Clarence’s niece, but the old man didn’t believe this any more than he believed Lee was dead. â€Å"Did you see them when they did it?† asked Angeline. â€Å"Did you ever see them at all?† â€Å"Not when Tamara died, no,† he admitted. His eyes got a faraway look, as though he were staring straight into the past. â€Å"But I knew what signs to look for. I’d run into them before that, you see. Back when I was living in Santa Cruz. They like California, you know. And the Southwest. Goes back to their sun fixation.† â€Å"What happened in Santa Cruz?† asked Dimitri. â€Å"A group of their young ones began stalking me. Trying to kill me.† The rest of us exchanged glances. â€Å"So they do go after Moroi,† said Eddie. He actually moved closer to Jill. Clarence shook his head. â€Å"Not usually. From what Marcus told me, they prefer Strigoi. These were young, undisciplined members of their order going off on their own, without the knowledge of their superiors. I assume it was the same type who killed Tamara.† â€Å"Who’s Marcus?† I asked. â€Å"Marcus Finch. He saved me from them a few years ago. Fended them off during an attack and later got in touch with their order to keep those ruffians away from me.† Clarence shivered at the memory. â€Å"Not that I stayed around after that. I took Lee and left. That was when we moved to Los Angeles for a while.† â€Å"This Marcus,† I said. â€Å"Was he a guardian?† â€Å"A human. He was about your age then. He knew all about the hunters.† â€Å"I suppose he would if he got in touch with them,† Dimitri speculated. â€Å"But he must be friendly to Moroi if he helped you?† â€Å"Oh, yes,† said Clarence. â€Å"Very much so.† Dimitri looked over at me. â€Å"Do you think – â€Å" â€Å"Yes,† I said, guessing his question. â€Å"I’ll see if we can find this Marcus guy. It’d be nice to get a source of info that’s not one of these crazy warriors. I’m also going to report on all of this, actually.† â€Å"Me too,† said Dimitri. Although Clarence wasn’t the expert on the hunters that this mysterious Marcus was, the old Moroi still had a surprising amount of info to share – info none of us had wanted to hear before. He verified what we’d already deduced, about the hunters’ â€Å"devotion to the light.† The group’s focus was Strigoi (for now), and all of their hunts were carefully planned and organized. They had a ritualized set of behaviors, particularly in regard to their younger members – which was why the rogue group harassing Clarence had been stopped. From what Clarence had gathered, the group was quite tough on their new recruits, emphasizing discipline and excellence. With the clock ticking down on Angeline’s reprieve, we needed to wrap things up shortly thereafter. I was also in charge of taking Adrian home, since we figured it’d be best to eliminate any chance of Dimitri being followed back to Clarence’s. Besides, I could tell Dimitri was anxious to begin putting certain things in motion. He wanted to finalize Sonya’s departure and also confer with the guardians – in case Jill needed to be removed. Her face reflected what I felt about that possible outcome. We’d both become attached to Amberwood. While he was giving some last-minute instructions to Eddie, I pulled Sonya aside for a quiet word. â€Å"I†¦ I’ve been thinking about something,† I told her. She studied me carefully, probably reading my aura and other body language. â€Å"What is it?† she asked. â€Å"If you want†¦ if you really want it, you can have some of my blood.† It was a huge, huge admission. Was it something I wanted to do? No. Absolutely not. I still had the same instinctive fears about giving my blood to Moroi, even for scientific purposes. And yet, yesterday’s events – and even the alley attack – had begun making me re-analyze my worldview. Vampires weren’t the only monsters out there. They were hardly monsters at all, especially next to these vampire hunters. How could I judge the enemy on race? I was being reminded more and more that humans were just as capable as vampires of evil – and that vampires were capable of good. It was actions that mattered, and Sonya and Dimitri’s were noble ones. They were fighting to destroy the ultimate evil of all, and as squeamish as I felt about giving my blood, I knew the right thing was to help them. Sonya knew what a sacrifice this was for me. Her face stayed calm – no whoops of joy – and she nodded solemnly. â€Å"I have my collection kit here. I can take a sample before you leave, if you’re sure.† So soon? Well, why not. It was best to get it over with – especially if Sonya would be leaving town soon anyway. We did it in the kitchen, which seemed slightly more sanitary than the living room. Sonya was no doctor, but whatever training she’d had, it was right in line with what I’d observed when getting physicals. Antiseptic, gloves, a new syringe. All the right procedures were followed, and after a quick poke of the needle, she had my blood sample. â€Å"Thank you, Sydney,† she said, handing me a plastic bandage. â€Å"I know how difficult this must have been for you. Believe me, this could really help us.† â€Å"I want to help,† I told her. â€Å"I really do.† She smiled. â€Å"I know. And we need all the help we can get. After being one of them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her smile faded. â€Å"Well, I believe more than ever that their evil needs to be stopped. You might be the key.† For one second, her words inspired me – that I might somehow play a greater role in the fight against evil and possibly even stop it. Immediately, that thought was replaced by my old panic. No. No. I wasn’t special. I didn’t want to be. I would make a good faith effort to help, but surely nothing would come of it. I returned to fetch the others. Adrian and Jill were having some earnest conversation in the corner. Eddie and Angeline were also talking, and I overheard her say, â€Å"I’ll stay with Jill more at school, just to be safe. We can’t have her be part of some accident or mistaken identity.† Eddie nodded and looked impressed that she’d suggested it. â€Å"Agreed.† Amazing, I thought. I left soon with my carpool and swung by downtown to drop Adrian off. As I pulled up in front of his building, I saw something that made my jaw drop. Awe and disbelief rolled through me. In what was probably the most ungraceful parking job I’d ever done in my life, I brought Latte to an abrupt stop and was out of the car the second I pulled my keys from the ignition. The others followed moments later. â€Å"What,† I breathed. â€Å"Is that?† â€Å"Oh,† said Adrian casually. â€Å"That’s my new car.† I took a few steps forward and then stopped, afraid to approach it in the same way someone hesitated before royalty. â€Å"It’s a 1967 Ford Mustang convertible,† I said, knowing my eyes were probably bugging out of my face. I began walking around it. â€Å"The year they did a major overhaul and increased the size to keep up with other high-powered competition. See? It’s the first model with the concave tail lights but the last to have the Ford block lettering up front until 1974.† â€Å"What in the world is that color?† asked Eddie, not sounding impressed at all. â€Å"Springtime Yellow,† Adrian and I said in unison. â€Å"I would’ve guessed Lemon Chiffon,† said Eddie. â€Å"Maybe you can get it repainted.† â€Å"No!† I exclaimed. I tossed my purse over onto the grass and carefully touched the car’s side. Brayden’s beautiful new Mustang suddenly seemed so ordinary. â€Å"It’s been touched up, obviously, but this is a classic color. Which engine code is this? C, right?† â€Å"Um†¦ not sure,† said Adrian. â€Å"I know it’s got a V-8 engine.† â€Å"Of course it does,† I said. It was hard not to roll my eyes. â€Å"A 289. I want to know what the horsepower is.† â€Å"It’s probably in the paperwork,† Adrian said lamely. It was at that moment that I really processed Adrian’s earlier words. I looked up at him, knowing my face must be filled with disbelief. â€Å"This is really your car?† â€Å"Yup,† he said. â€Å"I told you. The old man spotted me the money for one.† â€Å"And you got this one?† I peered in through the window. â€Å"Nice. Black interior, manual transmission.† â€Å"Yeah,† said Adrian, a note of unease in his voice. â€Å"That’s the problem.† I glanced back. â€Å"What is? The black is great. And the leather’s condition is fantastic. So is the rest of the car.† â€Å"No, not the interior. The transmission. I can’t drive a stick.† I froze. â€Å"You can’t drive a stick?† â€Å"Neither can I,† said Jill. â€Å"You don’t have a license,† I reminded her. Although, my mother had taught me to drive before I had a license – both automatic and manual transmission. I knew I shouldn’t be surprised the stick was a lost art, as savage as such a lack seemed to me. That paled, of course, in comparison to the other obvious problem. â€Å"Why on earth would you buy a car like this if you can’t drive a stick? There are dozens of cars – new cars – that have automatic transmission. It’d be a million times easier.† Adrian shrugged. â€Å"I like the color. It matches my living room.† Eddie snorted. â€Å"But you can’t drive it,† I pointed out. â€Å"I figure it can’t be that hard.† Adrian sounded remarkably unconcerned about what I found blasphemous. â€Å"I’ll just practice taking it around the block a few times and figure it out.† I couldn’t believe what I was hearing. â€Å"What? Are you out of your mind? You’ll ruin it if you don’t know what you’re doing!† â€Å"What else am I supposed to do?† he asked. â€Å"Are you going to teach me?† I turned back to the beautiful Mustang. â€Å"Yes,† I said adamantly. â€Å"If that’s what it takes to save it from you.† â€Å"I can show you too,† said Eddie. Adrian ignored him and focused on me. â€Å"When we can start?† I ran through my school schedule, knowing I’d have to make talking to the Alchemists about the Warriors of Light my top priority. Then, the obvious hit me. â€Å"Oh. When we see Wolfe this week. We’ll take this out there.† â€Å"Is that really to help me?† asked Adrian. â€Å"Or do you just want to drive the car?† â€Å"Both,† I said, not embarrassed to admit it. Angeline’s clock at school was ticking, so the rest of us had to leave. I’d driven three blocks away when I realized I’d left my purse on the grass. With a groan, I looped around and returned to his building. My purse was there, but the Mustang was gone. â€Å"Where’s the car?† I asked, panicked. â€Å"No one could have stolen it that fast.† â€Å"Oh,† said Jill from the backseat, sounding slightly nervous. â€Å"I saw through the bond. He, um, moved it.† It was handy having the bond as a source of information, but her words made me panic more than if the car actually had been stolen. â€Å"He what?† â€Å"Not far,† she said quickly. â€Å"Just behind the building. This street’s got weird overnight parking rules.† I grimaced. â€Å"Well, I’m glad it won’t get towed, but he should’ve had me move it! Even if it’s not far, he could ruin the transmission.† â€Å"I’m sure it’s fine,† said Jill. There was a strange note to her voice. I didn’t respond. Jill was no car expert. None of them were. â€Å"It’s like letting a toddler loose in a room full of china,† I muttered. â€Å"What was he thinking? About any of this?† No one had an answer for that. I got us back to Amberwood in time for Angeline’s curfew and retreated to the sanity and calm of my room. As soon as I was satisfied my friends were safe and secure for the night, I e-mailed Donna Stanton – a high-up Alchemist whom I’d inexplicably developed a good relationship with – about the hunters and what we’d learned. I even took pictures of the pamphlet and e-mailed those as well. Once that was done, I sat back and tried to think if there was anything else at all I could provide her with that might help. It was only when I’d exhausted all options (and refreshed my inbox a few times to see if she’d responded already) that I finally moved on to homework. As usual, I was pretty much caught up on every assignment – save one. Ms. Terwilliger’s. That stupid book was on my desk, staring back at me, daring me to open it. I still had a number of days before her spell was due, time during which I could continue to procrastinate. I was beginning to accept, however, that this assignment wasn’t going to go away. Considering how long some of the prep on these took, maybe it’d be best to bite the bullet and get it out of the way. Resolved, I brought the book over to my bed and opened it to the table of contents, scanning some of the spells she’d gone over with me. My stomach twisted at most of them, every instinct telling me how wrong it was to even be attempting these. Magic is for vampires, not humans. I still believed that to be true, but the analytical part of my mind couldn’t help but apply some of the defensive spells to various situations. Much like my decision to give blood, recent events had made me look at the world differently. Was magic wrong? Yes. But that blindness spell would have certainly been useful in the alley. Another spell, one that temporarily immobilized people, could’ve been used if I’d wanted to flee from the hunters at the cafe. Sure, it only lasted thirty seconds, but that was more than enough time for me to have escaped. On and on, I went down the list. They were all so wrong and yet†¦ so useful. If I hadn’t seen the fire charm I’d made ignite a Strigoi, I wouldn’t have believed any of these were possible. But by all accounts, they were. So much power†¦ the ability to protect myself†¦ Immediately, I rebuked myself for such a thought. I had no need for power. That kind of thinking was what led freaks like Liam to want to be Strigoi. Although†¦ was it really the same? I didn’t want immortality. I didn’t want to hurt others. I just wanted to protect myself and those I cared about. Wolfe had a lot to teach me, but his preventative techniques wouldn’t help if determined vampire hunters cornered Sonya and me again. As time went on, it was becoming clear that the hunters were very determined. I returned to the table of contents, finding several that would be useful and well within my capabilities to make. According to Ms. Terwilliger, someone like me had excellent potential for magic because of inborn talent (which I didn’t entirely believe) and the rigorous Alchemist training in measurement and attention to detail. It wasn’t difficult to figure out how long it would take me to produce any of these likely candidates. The question was which spell did I make? Which did I have time to make? The answer was eerily simple. I had time to make all of them. How to cite The Golden Lily Chapter 16, Essay examples

Effects of Leadership Styles on Organisational Productivity

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Leadership Styles on Organisational Productivity. Answer: Introduction Leadership plays the most significant role in achieving the fruitful productivity of an organisation. The efficient leadership style establishes the transparent communication process, which is an essential part of the organisational functionalities (Clarke, 2013). An efficient leader visualises the potentiality within the individuals and brings the best performance outcomes. This study determines the establishment of the future profession in engineering field. I have set my ambition of being a manager in the engineering field. After pursuing my career as a mechanical engineer for several years, I have gathered enough experiences for becoming a manager in this specific domain. This study would present the ideas of the suitable leadership style that will guide a mechanical engineer to be an efficient manager in the engineering domain. As opined by Davenport (2013), engineering is one of the most effective work domains that help in generating more revenues for the organisations. Moreove r, the critical activities associated with the engineering management are required to be performed in an effective way. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the concentration on the management functionalities and the effective leadership styles to determine the expected outcomes. Therefore, the study will shed lights in the proper methodology and the literature based information to understand the underlying concept. The findings derived from such secondary data collection process will be analysed to conclude with proper recommendation. The aim and objectives of the study will be focused to make the critical analysis of the documented information. Background of the Issue and Justification People need to derive the clear and conscience idea while selecting the future professions. The ambitious minds always tends to identify the most innovative and efficient way of achieving the goals. Therefore, it is necessary to select the future profession wisely. I have selected my future profession as the manager in the engineering organisation. I believe that I need to gather more information and guidance to become an efficient leader on this domain. It is noticed that the current volatile market has been transforming the demands of the stakeholders. In the engineering management procedure, the associated engineers face the diversified challenges much frequently (Lopp, 2016). Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the proper guidance and leading capabilities that will help them to move ahead with justified skills and efficiency. Moreover, it will be helpful enough for the organisations that are looking forward to expand the business globally. The individuals need to be highly skilled and ethically competent to take u the engineering management as the future profession. Anitha (2014) opined that the individuals need to be much responsible towards the organisational functionalities and managing other associates. It is essential for the individual to derive the sufficient knowledge about the practical application and experiences during the crucial scenario. The manager in an organisation plays the integral role in managing the functionalities. An efficient manager concentrates on the employee development process by providing proper guidance. Neubert et al. (2015) implied that the mechanical engineers have to perform more complex activities in their regular professional lives. The supportive attitude towards the employees can bring the most efficient performance outcomes that are beneficial for achieving organisational aspects. Hence, the major concern is to identify the most fruitful leadership style adopted by the managers that will be beneficial for each of the employees associated with the organisational functionalities. Leadership is the integral part of the organisational functionalities that develop the organisational culture and ensure high productivity. The application of the justified leadership styles is necessary for undertaking an operational process in an effective way. An efficient manager requires maintaining the necessary responsibilities for achieving success in a complex business scenario (Strom, Sears Kelly, 2014). Therefore, the study will help in recognising the justified leadership style that will be beneficial in achieving high productivity parameter. Employee welfare and supports are necessary for achieving the determined organisational goals. The major aim of the study is to identify how the efficient leadership styles can ensure organisational productivity in the field of mechanical engineering. Research Objectives To describe the types of the leadership styles in the organisations To recognise the suitable leadership style for the mechanical engineering department To determine the impact of efficient leadership style on organisational productivity Concept of leadership Leadership management is an influential process in an organisation that guides the individuals towards achieving the personal and professional goals. According to Lo et al. (2015), leadership is an organisational process, which influence other associates to perform much efficiently and accomplish the determined objectives. It is to be indicated that the most effective leadership style helps in organising the business functionalities in a cohesive and coherent manner. The well formed and skilled leader has the capability of inspiring other individuals in the organisation and providing enormous support for developing the organisational culture in a significant way. The business complexities are increasing much significantly in current times. Therefore, the innovations and unique strategy implementation have become necessary. Organisations need to keep the focus on recruiting the skilled people who have the superior knowledge about the business activities in the respective domains (Lasc hinger and Fida 2014). The leaders have to take the responsibility of guiding these people with proper efficiency and motivate them to bring the most effective performance outcomes. Typologies of Leadership styles The leadership styles are classified into different divisions based on the characteristics and attribute of the leaders. These diverse leadership styles have both the advantages and disadvantages in many ways. The determined goals and organisational culture determine the preferable leadership styles that are needed to be undertaken (Hogg, Van Knippenberg Rast, 2012). There are five types of the leadership styles that are followed by the managers to manage the organisational activities. These different types of leadership styles are described further: A laissez Faire leader usually does not take the regular feedback from the employees performance and lacks the direct supervision. The highly experienced employees are directed under the supervision of the laissez faire leaders (Furtner, Baldegger, Rauthmann, 2013). The leaders are completely reliable and depended on the employees performance skills. However, it is to be noted that not every employee possess such high skilled characteristics and professionalisms. Hence, the leadership style hinders the employees production more significantly. It may even affect the organisational productivity. The leadership style lacks the control over the employees. Moreover, the leadership style requires more investments on training sessions for making the employees more efficient. The participative leadership style often interpreted as the democratic leadership that values the input of the associated employees. Assembling the responses of the associated personnel and the staffs together, the leaders make the decision for organisational welfare. Skogstad et al. (2014) implied that the democratic leadership style boosts up the employees spirit and make them feel more reliable towards the performance. The contribution of the employees to make the organisational decision is highly appreciated by the democratic leader. Especially, the participative leadership style is much effective during the change management procedure. The employees accept the change easily since they contribute much effectively to facilitate the changing management scenario. In fact, this leadership style is much helpful for the organisation whenever any quick decisions are needed to be undertaken within a short time span. Autocratic The autocratic leadership style signifies the participation of the manager in making the organisational decision. The managers take the full authority to organise the functionalities and lead the associated members. There is no scope of challenging the decisions of the leaders in this leadership style (De Hoogh, Greer Den Hartog, 2015). For example, the organisations in the countries like North Korea, China, and Cuba follow such leadership style (Boykins et al., 2013). The leaders determine that the autocratic style helps in retaining control over the employees and establishing the closer supervision. In some of the cases, this leadership style demoralises the employees contribution towards organisational productivity. Transformational The transformation leadership style signifies the establishment of the effective communication from the management level to accomplish the determined goals. The transformational leaders encourage the associated members to enhance the productivity parameter and maintain the efficiency level through high visibility and proper communication. The involvement of the high management is also an essential part in order to accomplish the personal and professional goals (Dumdum, Lowe, Avolio, 2013). In this leadership style, the leaders usually concentrate on the bigger picture within an organisation. Moreover, the leaders identify the fruitful strategies of delegating the smaller tasks that will be beneficial for meeting the organisational objectives. The transactional leaders pay attention towards several specific tasks and accordingly provide rewards and punishments based on the performance parameter. The managers have to take the responsibility to make the associated members aware of the organisational goals. The members need motivations for achieving the pre-determined goals. The positive performance outcomes will be appreciated with rewards (Choudhary, Akhtar, Zaheer, 2013). On the other hand, if any employee fails to meet the goals, the leader has the authority to put a penalty. The managers review the results and determine whether the employees need to be more trained or monitored. The employees receive the rewards that motivate them towards accomplishing the organisational objectives. Effectiveness of the leadership style on organisational productivity Application of the effective leadership styles is necessary for each of the organisation. Pierro, Raven, Amato Blanger (2013) explained that the leaders need to acquire the most effective communication skills that are necessary for making the employees aware of the organisational goals. On the other hand, (Furtner, Baldegger, and Rauthmann (2013) argued that the besides the effective communication skills, the efficient leaders need to be a motivational factor that will lead the employees towards the success. However, it is still argued that establishing the communication transparency is much beneficial in making the clear approaches regarding the organisational functionalities. When the employees are motivated towards the work, it will generate high organisational productivity. Therefore, it can be inferred that application of the suitable leadership style can enhance organisational productivity. Gap in the Literature The extracted ideas from the journal articles provide the insightful knowledge about the efficient leadership styles that have the significant impact on organisational productivity. However, the literature study is still limited since it does not provide the information about the maintenance of the organisational productivity at the optimum level. The study is somewhat presenting the impacts of the different leadership styles on enhancing productivity. Research Methodology Research methodology is the structured and sequential process of assembling the relevant information for the study. The methodology provides the contextual ideas about the proper method that is applicable for gathering and analysing the necessary information (Bryman Bell, 2015). The methodology also suggests the scheduled time frame, which will be followed to complete the entire study. The research philosophy is classified into three different typologies, such as realism, positivism, and interpretivism. This research is conducted by applying the positivism philosophy, which reveals the hidden truth (Edson, Henning Sankaran, 2016). On the other hand, research approach is divided into two forms, such as deductive and inductive approach. The study is based on the secondary research process and it is necessary to concentrate on the theoretical perspectives. Deductive Approach provides the information based on the theoretical concepts. The study is associated with the various types of t he theory based analysis. Hence, application of the deductive approach for this study will be much relevant and appropriate. The next segment of research methodology is the research design, which is classified into three divisions, such as exploratory, explanatory, and descriptive (Creswell, 2013). The major focus of the research techniques is to fulfil the research objectives and determine the conclusion. The study is based on the in-depth analysis of the leadership styles that have the significant impacts on the organisational productivity. The use of the descriptive design focuses on the underlying concept and the hypothetical value of understanding the subject matter. Therefore, the application of the descriptive design will be justified for completing this study. The study explores the effectiveness of the leadership styles that have the significant impacts on the organisational productivity. In order to conduct this research study, it is necessary to collect the secondary data and understand the underlying concepts. The study is thus based on the secondary research method. The research study will be conducted by gathering the relevant information from journal articles, books, newspaper articles, and website sources (Creswell, 2013). The online and offline sources contain the leadership case scenario of different organisations. Moreover, the secondary research study represents the thematic analysis, which points out the underlying issues faced by the skilled managers in the organisations. It depicts whether the leadership attribute can bring more efficiency in an organisational context. The use of the secondary analysis is thus appropriate for this research study. The further section of the study will present the findings derived from the the matic analysis. Time Frame Activities Week 1-2 Week 3-5 Week 6 Week 7-9 Week 10 Week 11-12 Week 13-14 Selecting the Topic Layout Development Review of Literature Research Plan Development Research Process Selection Data Collection Technique Selection Data Analysis Technique Selection Data Findings Conclusion Final Submission Table 1: Time Frame (Source: Created by Author) Findings from Secondary Analysis The study is mainly focusing on the effectiveness of the leadership styles on the organisational productivity. The research study discusses about the significant attribute of the manager from mechanical engineering domain. The engineering domain includes more complex working scenario and needs more innovations in the business process. Therefore, it is essential to identify the most suitable leadership style that can enhance the organisational productivity. Accordingly, the study recognises two specific themes that can justify the business procedure in a mechanical engineering domain. It is already mentioned that the mechanical engineering business deals with many of the innovations and complexities. Therefore, it is essential to recognise the most preferable leadership style that is needed to be undertaken by the manager. According to Hoch and Kozlowski (2014), in the engineering domain, the leaders need to be high skilled, innovators, and efficient enough to handle the complex business functions. Herrmann and Felfe (2014) believe that the engineers can be the most suitable people for being managers in future. The capability of handling the business complexities, frequent innovations, and a detailed attention shapes up a leader for accomplishing the organisational goals. However, the major discussion in this theme is to identify the most suitable leadership style in mechanical engineering process. Reid (2016) described that the mechanical engineering process is much complex and the managers require bringing frequent innovations to survive in current business scenario. It is necessary for the business companies to identify the suitable leadership style. Concentrating on the different leadership styles along with the business needs of the mechanical engineering domain, the transformational leadership style can be used in a justified manner. De Poel, Stoker and Van der Zee (2014) argued that the transformational leadership style provides the significant opportunity to the individuals and encourage them to bring more business innovations. It is even helpful for developing the professional and personal attributes of the employees that will pay off in future. The article also highlights that the transformational leaders are involved with frequent and closer supervision process. Therefore, the employees receive the proper guidance for evaluating the innovative business ideas. The tra nsformational leaders maintain the high level of communicational transparency that encourages the employees to preset their concerns (Simonet Tett, 2013). The major limitation in this article is it does not include the method of maintaining the feedback process for the performed activities. It is necessary to understand the basic method of keeping the information of the employees that are needed to be addressed. The leaders need to find out the most efficient way of communicating with the employees and make them updated with the business innovation procedure. Leaders play the most significant role in shaping the organisational functionalities. The efficient contribution of the leaders can bring changes in the organisational scenario (Tung, 2014). While discussing the effectiveness of leadership styles in the organisational context, it si necessary to shed lights on the organisational functionalities. The engineers need to analyse each of the business activities with detailed information. The complexities in the business procedures are sometimes affect the business environment. The repeated changing demands of the business world become much hectic. Reid (2016) opined that the efficient leader can manage such challenging scenario by engaging the information and ideas of the associated employees. However, in order to achieve such purposes, it is necessary to provide the employees proper encouragement that will reflect in their performance outcomes (MacIntyre, 2016). When the employees receive the proper guidance and the motivations from the upper management level or the leaders, they tend to focus on their performance parameter. Moreover, an efficient leader provides the significant opportunity to the employees to prove the potentiality and develop the career with proper appreciation. The journal, the effects of leadership styles and budget participation on job satisfaction and job performance, indicates that this procedure is much beneficial in improving the organisational culture and ensuring more profitability (Reid, 2016). The argument present in this article signifies that the employees can bring the innovations in the business procedure if they receive the proper training and closer supervision of the leaders. Maintaining such consequences will be effective enough in motivating the employees and encouraging them to fulfil their personal and professional goals. Simultaneously, it will create impacts on the overall productivity of the organisation. The above theme analysis specifies the impacts of the leadership styles on organisational productivity with the special reference of mechanical engineering domain. The information and the limitation associated in the secondary sources are pointed out in this section of the study. Concentrating on the findings derived from the secondary analysis, the study will discuss the findings derived from the literature based information. The collaboration of these findings will ensure the fruitful recommendation for being a capable and efficient leader. Discussion of the Findings derived from Literature Review The literature review mainly concentrates in the theoretical background of the subject matter. The study focuses on the impacts of leadership styles on organisational productivity. The discussion determines that the leaders adopt the different types of leadership attributes that have the significant impacts on the employees and the organisational activities. However, the leaders share the similar vision of accomplishing the business objectives. Employees are the major resources of an organisation. The leaders need to maintain the responsibility of managing these employees and motivate them enough to enhance the organisational productive. The autocratic leadership style ensures the full authority of the leaders and no one can challenge the decision (Nanjundeswaraswamy Swamy, 2014). The employees are sometimes unable to cope with such decisions sometimes. It discourages the presence and participation of the employees. On the other hand, the transformational leadership style is much pr eferable for the employees since it is associated with the personal and professional development of the workforce in an organisation (Vermeeren, Kuipers Steijn, 2014). It is noted that the transformational leaders lead the employees towards achieving the business goals which automatically serves as the significant method of developing the personal attributes. Therefore, it is essential for the managers to select the leadership style wisely. The leaders need to keep the focus on the detailed information that will help in enhancing the organisational productivity. The application of the findings from the literature study with the thematic analysis specifies that the leaders need to bring more innovations in the business process to enhance the productivity parameter. More specifically, in case of engineering domain, the skilled performance outcomes of the employees are necessary for handling the complex business environment. The efficient leaders have the capability of encouraging the workforce to manage such complexities and enhance the organisational productivity (Nanjundeswaraswamy, Swamy 2014). The concentration on the proper leadership attribute is necessary to lead or guide the workforce. Conclusion The contribution of the leaders in an organisational context is much important for each of the organisations. The efficient leadership style can enhance the organisational productivity much significantly. Mechanical engineering domain often deals with the complex business procedures. It is necessary to bring more innovations in business functionalities to ensure the organisational productivity. Accordingly, the selected leader needs to be capable of bringing more innovations in the business and guide the workforce to cooperate with such scenario. The information received from secondary analysis and literature based study, it is noted that the transformational leaders are bringing the workforce together to gather more innovative business ideas. The assimilations of these unique business ideas are much helpful for dealing with a complex business scenario. Moreover, the transformational leadership style helps in developing the personal and professional attributes of the employees by undertaking the closer supervision of their activities. Consequently, the organisation ensures more productivity, which leads towards achieving the pre-determined objectives. The major focus of a transformational leader is to motivate the employees and bring the best performance outcome. Simultaneously, the transformational leaders concentrate on the innovative procedures and change management scenario, which are essential for sustaining the competitive position of an organisation. The mechanical engineering is a different domain, which deals with the repeatedly changing business functionalities and high skilled technicalities. Hence, as a manager, it is important to focus on such demands to fulfil the goals and enhance the organisational producti vity. References Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. Boykins, C., Campbell, S., Moore, M., Nayyar, S. (2013). An empirical study of leadership styles.Journal of Economic Development, Management, IT, Finance, and Marketing,5(2), 1. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Choudhary, A. I., Akhtar, S. A., Zaheer, A. (2013). Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), 433-440. Clarke, S. (2013). Safety leadership: A meta?analytic review of transformational and transactional leadership styles as antecedents of safety behaviours.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,86(1), 22-49. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Davenport, T. H. (2013).Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. De Hoogh, A. H., Greer, L. L., Den Hartog, D. N. (2015). Diabolical dictators or capable commanders? An investigation of the differential effects of autocratic leadership on team performance.The Leadership Quarterly,26(5), 687-701. De Poel, F. M., Stoker, J. I., Van der Zee, K. I. (2014). Leadership and organizational tenure diversity as determinants of project team effectiveness.Group Organization Management,39(5), 532-560. Dumdum, U. R., Lowe, K. B., Avolio, B. J. (2013). A meta-analysis of transformational and transactional leadership correlates of effectiveness and satisfaction: An update and extension. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition. pp. 39-70. Edson, M. C., Henning, P. B., Sankaran, S. (Eds.). (2016).A guide to systems research: Philosophy, processes and practice(Vol. 10). Springer. Furtner, M. R., Baldegger, U., Rauthmann, J. F. (2013). Leading yourself and leading others: Linking self-leadership to transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,22(4), 436-449. Herrmann, D., Felfe, J. (2014). Effects of leadership style, creativity technique and personal initiative on employee creativity.British Journal of Management,25(2), 209-227. Hoch, J. E., Kozlowski, S. W. (2014). Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.Journal of applied psychology,99(3), 390. Hogg, M. A., Van Knippenberg, D., Rast, D. E. (2012). Intergroup leadership in organizations: Leading across group and organizational boundaries.Academy of Management Review,37(2), 232-255. Laschinger, H.K.S. and Fida, R., 2014. A time-lagged analysis of the effect of authentic leadership on workplace bullying, burnout, and occupational turnover intentions.European Journal of work and organizational psychology,23(5), pp.739-753. Lo, M. C., Abang Azlan, M., Ramayah, T., Wang, Y. C. (2015). Examining the Effects of Leadership, Market Orientation and Leader Member Exchange (LMX) on Organisational Performance.Engineering Economics,26(4), 409-421. Lopp, M. (2016).Managing Humans: Biting and Humorous Tales of a Software Engineering Manager. Apress. MacIntyre, P. (2016). Advancing Leaders in Engineering: Ways of Learning Leadership. Transformative Dialogues: Teaching Learning Journal, 8(3). Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., Swamy, D. R. (2014). Leadership styles.Advances In Management,7(2), 57. Neubert, J. C., Mainert, J., Kretzschmar, A., Greiff, S. (2015). The assessment of 21st century skills in industrial and organizational psychology: Complex and collaborative problem solving.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,8(02), 238-268. Pierro, A., Raven, B. H., Amato, C., Blanger, J. J. (2013). Bases of social power, leadership styles, and organizational commitment.International Journal of Psychology,48(6), 1122-1134. Reid, J. (2016). The effects of leadership styles and budget participation on job satisfaction and job performance.Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal,3(1). Simonet, D. V., Tett, R. P. (2013). Five Perspectives on the LeadershipManagement Relationship A Competency-Based Evaluation and Integration. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 20(2), 199-213. Skogstad, A., Hetland, J., Glas, L., Einarsen, S. (2014). Is avoidant leadership a root cause of subordinate stress? Longitudinal relationships between laissez-faire leadership and role ambiguity.Work Stress,28(4), 323-341. Strom, D. L., Sears, K. L., Kelly, K. M. (2014). Work engagement: The roles of organizational justice and leadership style in predicting engagement among employees.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(1), 71-82. Tung, R. (2014). Requisites to and ways of developing a global mind-set: implications for research on leadership and organizations.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(4), 229-337. Vermeeren, B., Kuipers, B., Steijn, B. (2014). Does leadership style make a difference? Linking HRM, job satisfaction, and organizational performance.Review of Public Personnel Administration,34(2), 174-195.

Separation of a Base Neutral Mixture Essay Sample free essay sample

A normally used method of dividing a mixture of organic compounds is known as liquid-liquid extraction. Most reactions of organic compounds require extraction at some phase of merchandise purification. In this experiment you will utilize extraction techniques to divide a mixture of an organic acid. a base. and a impersonal compound. Organic acids and bases can be separated from each other and from impersonal compounds by extraction utilizing aqueous solutions of different pH values. Most organic carboxylic acids are indissoluble or somewhat soluble in H2O. but these compounds are extremely soluble in dilute aqueous Na hydrated oxide because the acid is deprotonated by the base bring forthing the Na carboxylate salt. RCO2H ( solv ) + OH– ( aq ) > RCO2– ( aq ) + H2O ( aq ) The carboxylic acid can be selectively isolated by fade outing the mixture in an organic dissolver that is non-miscible with H2O. and so pull outing the solution with Na hydrated oxide. We will write a custom essay sample on Separation of a Base Neutral Mixture Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The basic aqueous solution incorporating the carboxylate salt is acidified. doing the Na carboxylate salt to change over back to the carboxylic acid. which is non H2O soluble. The acid will precipitate from the solution. as shown here. RCO2– ( aq ) + H+ ( aq ) > RCO2H ( s ) Organic bases ( e. g. . aminoalkanes ) that are indissoluble in H2O can be separated by extraction with hydrochloric acid. Addition of HCl to the aminoalkane produces the corresponding ammonium salt. which is soluble in H2O but non in organic dissolvers. The aminoalkane can be recovered from the aqueous solution by intervention with a base. change overing the ammonium salt back to the aminoalkane. The aminoalkane is non water-soluble and will precipitate. as shown here. Using your apprehension of these belongingss. separation of a mixture incorporating a carboxylic acid. an aminoalkane. and a impersonal compound can be carried out via consecutive acid and base extractions. The precipitates will be collected and characterized by runing temperature analysis. In this experiment. you will Separate a mixture incorporating benzoic acid. 3-nitroaniline. and naphthalene. Calculate the per centum recovery of each constituent in the mixture. Measure the thaw temperature of each stray compound. 60 mL separatory funnel four 50 milliliter Erlenmeyer flasks two 100 milliliter beakers gravitation filtration setup vacuity filtration setup support pealing spatula disposable Pasteur pipets and bulb 10 milliliter graduated cylinder two ticker spectacless pH paper balance Part II Melting Temperature weighing paper sample mixture diethyl ether 6. 0 M hydrochloric acid solution 1. 0 M Na hydrated oxide solution 6. 0 M Na hydrated oxide solution Na sulphate. Na2SO4. anhydrous cold distilled H2O in a wash bottle saturated sodium chloride solution ice compressed air LabQuest or computing machine interface LabQuest App or Logger Pro Vernier Melt Station glass capillary tubings. one terminal closed tissues ( sooner lint-free ) isolated samples from Part I mortar and pestle benzoic acid ( optional ) 3-nitroaniline ( optional ) naphthalene ( optional ) ProcedurePart I Extraction 1. Obtain and wear goggles. Protect your weaponries and custodies by have oning a long-sleeve lab coat and baseball mitts. Conduct this reaction in a fume goon. 2. Weigh out about 1. 0 g of the sample mixture. Record the mass to the nearest 0. 001 g. Transfer the mixture to a 100 milliliter beaker and fade out it in 15 milliliter of diethyl quintessence. Caution: Diethyl ether is flammable. Be certain that there are no unfastened fires in the room during the experiment. 3. Clamp the support pealing onto a ring base and topographic point the separatory funnel into the ring. Pour the solution into the separatory funnel and add 5 milliliter of 6. 0 M hydrochloric acid. Caution: Manage the hydrochloric acid with attention. Can do painful Burnss if it comes in contact with the tegument. 4. Cap the funnel and gently agitate several times. venting often to avoid force per unit area buildup. When venting the funnel. indicate the tip off from your face and open the turncock to let go of the f orce per unit area. Put the funnel on a support pealing with a clinch and let the dissolver and aqueous bed to divide. Leave the funnel uncapped. 5. Drain the lower aqueous bed into a 50 milliliter Erlenmeyer flask. Repeat the extraction with another 5 milliliter of 6. 0 M hydrochloric acid. run outing the 2nd aqueous bed into the same Erlenmeyer flask. Salvage the dissolver bed in the separatory funnel for later usage. 6. Cool the flask incorporating the acidic aqueous infusions into an ice H2O bath. Slowly add 6. 0 M Na hydrated oxide with a pipet until the aqueous bed is basic. Use pH paper to prove. Caution: Sodium hydrated oxide solution is acerb. Avoid sloping it on your tegument or vesture. Organic Chemistry with Vernier Separation of Organic Compounds by Acid-Base Extraction Techniques 7. Roll up the solid utilizing vacuum filtration and salvage the solid for runing temperature analysis in Part II. Note: Be certain to enter the mass of the filter paper before puting it in the vacuity funnel. 8. Extract the saved quintessence bed in the separatory funnel with three 5 mL parts of 1. 0 M Na hydrated oxide. Drain the aqueous bed into a 50 milliliter Erlenmeyer flask. Salvage the quintessence bed in the separatory funnel. 9. Cool the flask incorporating the basic aqueous infusion in an ice H2O bath. Using a pipet. easy add 6. 0 M hydrochloric acid until the aqueous bed is acidic. Use pH paper to prove. Caution: Manage the hydrochloric acid with attention. Can do painful Burnss if it comes in contact with the tegument. 10. Roll up the solid utilizing vacuum filtration and salvage the solid for runing temperature analysis in Part II. Note: Be certain to enter the mass of the filter paper before puting it i n the vacuity funnel. 11. Add 10 milliliter of saturated aqueous Na chloride solution to the ether solution staying in the separatory funnel and agitate gently. Be certain to vent often. 12. Let the beds to divide and fling the lower aqueous Na chloride bed. Pour the solvent bed into an Erlenmeyer flask incorporating about 1 g of anhydrous Na sulphate and let it to stand for approximately 10 proceedingss. twirling on occasion. 13. Gravity filter the contents in the flask. including the Na sulphate. into a clean 100 milliliter beaker. Evaporate the quintessence in the fume goon. Caution: Diethyl ether is flammable. Be certain that there are no unfastened fires in the room during the experiment. Do non go forth unattended 14. Weigh the cured solid and record the mass to the nearest 0. 010 g. Save the solid for the thaw temperature analysis in Part II. Part II Melting Temperature 15. Obtain a little sum of the stray solid from the acerb extraction. The solid should be in a powdery signifier. If it is non. utilize a howitzer and stamp to carefully crunch the solid to a pulverization. Pack a capillary tubing 3?4 millimeter ( ~1/8 inch ) deep with your sample. 16. Check the control dial on the Melt Station to corroborate that it is in the Off place. Connect the Melt Station power supply to a powered electrical mercantile establishment. 17. Connect the Melt Station to a LabQuest or to a computing machine interface. Choose New from the File bill of fare of the informations aggregation plan. 18. Carefully insert the capillary tubing of solid into one of the sample holders of the Melt Station. 19. Get down roll uping runing temperature informations utilizing the Melt Station. 20. Adjust the control dial in order to find the approximative thaw temperature scope for the sample. 21. When finished. halt informations aggregation and turn the dial to the Fan/Cooling scene . Record the thaw temperature scope in your informations tabular array. Organic Chemistry with Vernier Experiment 5 22. Store the tally and roll up a 2nd tally. if desired. 23. Repeat the necessary stairss to roll up runing temperature informations for the stray solids from the base and impersonal extractions. 24. At the terminal of the experiment turn the control dial on the Melt Station to Off. Dispose of the capillary tubings as directed by your teacher. DATA TablePart I Extraction Mass of mixture ( g ) Mass of filter paper ( g ) Mass of filter paper and benzoic acid ( g ) Mass of benzoic acid ( g ) Mass of filter paper ( g ) Mass of filter paper and 3-nitroaniline ( g ) Mass of 3-nitroaniline ( g ) Mass of naphthalene ( g ) Part II Melting Temperature Measured runing temperature scope ( ?C ) Benzoic acid 3-nitroaniline Naphthalene DATA ANALYSIS1. Pull the construction of each of the compounds. 2. Sketch a flow chart depicting the separation of the mixture and the isolation of each compound. 3. What was your percent recovery for each of the three compounds? Assume equal sums of the carboxylic acid. aminoalkane. and impersonal compound were present in the unknown mixture. Safety information Essential teacher background information Directions for fixing solutions Important tips for successfully making these labs The complete Organic Chemistry with Vernier lab manual includes 26 labs and indispensable instructor information. The full lab book is available for purchase at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Vernier. com/products/books/chem-o/ Vernier Software A ; Technology 13979 S. W. Millikan Way †¢ Beaverton. OR 97005-2886 Toll Free ( 888 ) 837-6437 †¢ ( 503 ) 277-2299 †¢ FAX ( 503 ) 277-2440 [ electronic mail protected ]/*†¢ World Wide Web. Vernier. com

Pro Tips From Successful Writers! Good Work Habits Make All the Difference

Pro Tips From Successful Writers! Good Work Habits Make All the Difference Pro Tips From Successful Writers! Good Work Habits Make All the Difference   Many people assume that good writers are born that way. A modicum of natural talent is certainly helpful; however, when it comes to long-term writing success, good work habits make all the difference. How many gifted writers are there with half-finished work on their hard drives? The completion of a well-written project requires solid work habits, discipline, and self-knowledge. Luckily, these are not traits; they are skills that can be learned! These pro tips from successful writers will help you see your work through from start to finish. Getting Ready to Write Sometimes, just sitting down to work is the biggest obstacle! Whether it’s challenging yourself with a deadline, setting aside time for writing, or avoiding distractions, writers need to engage self-discipline to create the opportunity to be creative. Deadlines Are Your Friends Deadlines can be a blessing in disguise. They propel you through the more difficult stages of your process, helping that end goal to stay within view. Self-motivated projects are understandably challenging to complete- so create deadlines for yourself. Essay contests and job applications can help provide motivating deadlines for a writer. While some creative writers may find adrenaline to be a helpful motivational tool, with academic or business writing, it is more likely to result in sloppy work. Your arguments will be stronger and your vocabulary richer if you avoid the stress of a rapidly approaching end-date. By getting a head start, you won’t short change the vital editing process, and you won’t be thrown off course if setbacks occur. Limit Distractions Short story writer Nathan Englander advises, â€Å"If you want to get work done, you’ve got to learn to unplug.† When you hit roadblocks in your work, it can feel like a relief to distract yourself by messaging a friend. However, studies prove that productivity skyrockets when personal phones are kept out of sight, or at least switched to â€Å"airplane mode.† For many writers, working at home is the easiest way to avoid noise and distractions. However, if you have children or pets, messy areas might become an additional distraction (and a temptation to procrastinate). It can be hard to focus when surrounded by piles of dirty laundry. Use Your Most Productive Hours The best time to write varies from writer to writer. Often, finding your ideal writing window will depend on how you work best. If you require silence to focus, early morning is a great choice (before anyone has the chance to distract you). Writers Toni Morrison, Ernest Hemingway, and Haruki Murakami famously preferred the early hours for their efforts. One advantage of morning writing is a sense of accomplishment that can carry you throughout the day. You’ve made progress; now you can relax without writing looming all afternoon. Use the time for editing, administrative tasks, or research, and focus on writing during your most fruitful hours. Create Your Optimal Environment Not every writer prefers absolute silence or solitude. The presence of others can also be inspiring and comforting. This helps explain the rise in popularity of co-working spaces, which are popping up all over campuses and urban centers. The library can also be a pleasant respite from the busy atmosphere of a coffee shop. Regardless of where you work, noise-cancelling earphones can help shut out the chatter. Just be sure to pick music that inspires you! Up-tempo instrumental music can keep you from succumbing to boredom and fatigue. Finally: Forget The Rules! It can be challenging to stick to a regular writing routine with the stresses of our daily lives. It’s important not to fret over less-than-ideal circumstances if you can’t change them. As E.B. White put it, â€Å"A writer who waits for ideal conditions under which to work will die without putting a word on paper.† It’s also helpful to remember that even the best writers don’t always feel like sitting down to work. As Henry Miller once said, â€Å"write according to program and not according to mood.† Now That You’ve Started Congratulations: you’re off! These simple techniques will help you stay focused while improving your results. Set Short-Term Goals Short-term goalposts can help you drive towards the finish line. You choose the writing interval, which may vary from project to project. When writing a thesis, for example, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed by such a seemingly monumental task. However, when you break that task up into manageable increments, anything is possible! Just take it one step at a time. Whether it’s a half hour or an hour, all you need to worry about it keeping your head down until the buzzer sounds. Be wary of using your phone as a timer, since this may tempt you to use it as a distraction. Leave Yourself Somewhere to Start If you don’t know where to start the next day, sitting down to write can seem impossibly daunting. One oft-repeated piece of advice is to stop writing for the day (or the session) in the middle of a sentence or paragraph. If you provide yourself with a launching pad, you’ll start work focused and inspired, and you’ll get the satisfaction of â€Å"finishing† something early in the session. If you’re working from an outline, know exactly where you’ll begin the next day before signing off, to fend off that dreaded fear of the blank page. Move Your Body Sometimes, when a section is particularly frustrating, a walk or jog can be just what you need. Exercise can clear your head and get you back on track, refreshed. It’s hard sitting at a desk for hours on end! If you’ve set your timer and worked for your allotted time, use your break period to get moving. A walk around the block, a dip in the pool, or a few jumping jacks can be enough to get you energized. Kurt Vonnegut once reported that he broke up his writing with push-ups and sit-ups to fend off lethargy. Editing And Rewriting This can sometimes seem like the toughest part of writing, but it is one of the most critical steps for doing good work. Neil Gaiman described revision as â€Å"a process of making it look like you knew what you were doing all along.† Get Feedback Go to one or two trusted friends, but don’t go to ten. The further along you are in your career, the more likely you are to have respectful, trusting relationships with other writers. Don’t be afraid to reach out, but avoid the temptation to ask everyone for their â€Å"take† on your work. Too many opinions can be counter-productive, particularly if the views are from individuals with a limited understanding of your topic. If you don’t have anyone you feel comfortable showing your work, or if you’re pressed for time, consulting a professional writing service can be invaluable. Know When To Delete Editing the same passages repeatedly can be time-consuming and frustrating. If your wording isn’t creating the desired effect, or if you’re finding it too difficult to make a succinct point, radical surgery may be required. Delete the problematic passage and start over. If it doesn’t work, you can always revert to an earlier version history; but often the solution will become apparent to you once you have a clean slate. Knowing When To Walk Away Remember: your work will never be perfect. Be satisfied knowing that you did the best you could. If you set yourself up for success with your writing habits, you can avoid fretting over sections that might have improved with more time. No writer has all the time they want, and we do the best with what we have. While you may eventually look back on your work and notice small errors that you missed, that’s simply the nature of the process. Whether you’re writing a thesis, a research paper or a college admissions essay, know that writers all over the world struggle with the same issues you do. While there’s no â€Å"easy† way to write, establishing good writing habits will set you apart from the crowd. For expert editing and writing services, call 1 (800) 573-0840 (toll-free) to speak with a professional paper writer. With offices in Toronto, Calgary and Vancouver, can help make sure great habits result in great writing.

Custom Essay Paper Writing (Page 16)

Custom Essay Paper Writing (Page 16) Argumentative Research Paper Topics An example of the research paper introduction on the topic about the Internet: The end of the XX century is marked by the increasingly widespread use of computers and information technology in so many different areas. Computers permit significantly improve the efficiency of work in the various activities and open up new horizons of knowledge to humans. Therefore, the possession of skills of working with the computer is very important for today's Continue reading APA Style Research Paper APA Style Research Paper The most commonly requested format for research paper writing is APA style. APA style is commonly used in the social sciences and is consider as the most influential research paper writing style. Nevertheless, different fields may have some aberration, so consult your advisor on research paper writing requirements. If the teacher asks you to write APA style research paper, you have to follow specific rules which make the presentation of written material more Continue reading Action Paper Research Action Paper Research: Active Team-work! If you have got an assignment to write an action research paper, you should pay special attention to this task. The matter is that the action paper research is rather different from other kinds of the academic research. So, to cope with your task you should understand what exactly you should do. This article will help you make head or tail of what the action paper research should include and in what way it should be made. Action paper research Continue reading Writing the Analysis Paper Writing the Analysis Paper: Universal Approach Those people who get excellent grades for their analysis papers know the mechanism of writing them, and those, who get low grades, face a what-to-start-with problem and many others. 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Then some special secrets of writing a college term paper will be just in time for you. If you want to learn how to write a good college essay or looking for college essay online writing service, do not hesitate to place an order at our site! We provide qualitative college essay help !When writing the college term paper, you have to give the reader Continue reading Valentine's Day Essay Valentine's Day Essay This is a free sample essay on Valentine's Day. If you need custom assistance with Valentines Day essay writing, do not hesitate to request professional help of our essay writers! Let our writing experts help you with writing your unique, interesting, and original Valentines Day essay especially for you! Our writing services are legal, safe, and reliable! It happens around this time every year. We men undergo a transformation. This transformation is Continue reading The Stolen Party Term Paper The Stolen Party Term PaperWell, the term is coming to the end and your teacher says over again that you have to prepare The Stolen Party term paper. The task seems to be overcomplicated to you, that is why you put it off all the time. But actually, all you need to start working on The Stolen Party term paper is forget about your fear for difficulties and find a good idea. In this article, some catchy ideas to develop in The Stolen Party Continue reading Sociology Paper Sociology Paper: Target - Clarity Sociology is rather young but very interesting science. It helps us study ourselves. That is why if you have got an assignment to write a sociology paper, do not neglect this good opportunity to learn more about people. Papers Sociology: Subjects of Research Any sociology paper (whether it is an essay or a term paper) is a kind of research of one or another aspect of the social life of people. Sociology papers may cover positive as well as negative sides of Continue reading Sample Papers Sample Papers: Help for Students Are you becoming crazy about those numerous assignment papers that you are constantly provided with during your study? Sometimes it may seem to you that they are aimed at turning your life into the terrible nightmare. Do not know how to escape from all that? Try not to avoid the problem but solve it! This article will help you in that. If you do not know how to write your assignment papers, do not rack your brains make use of the Internet. You may find Continue reading First Previous 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Next Last

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Management - Essay Example With very sophisticated infrastructures, Bahrain is a rapidly developing market in the Middle East. The country has a strong government with futuristic outlooks which has contributed to the shaping of the nation as a highly mature economy (Dew 2002). There are large numbers of development ventures in progress all over the country which renders the opportunity to expand to Bahrain quite pleasing. The country provides various encouragements to the opportunity of expanding to Bahrain (Dew 2002). Because of its strategic position, several multinational companies have expanded to Bahrain like Nomura Investment Banking, American Express, Citicorp, etc (Sohail 2005). The objective of this essay is to analyze the (1) physical and societal factors, (2) competitive factors, (3) objectives, and (4) strategies and means as they relate to the expansion of financial institutions to Bahrain, which in this paper will be the The Hong kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC). HSBC has its main off ice in London, and it is one of the major financial institutions in the world. HSBC, just like other global businesses, are gaining from flourishing business in the Middle East ( However, expansion for HSBC has been beset with difficulties. The company has to deal with external factors, such as those mentioned above, in their pursuit for successful expansion. Physical and Societal Factors The coarse periphery of Bahrain is characterized by a dynamic cultural domain and sophisticated infrastructure. Since 1971, the period it gained its independence from the UK, Bahrain has grown into a wealthy, progressive nation that adopts the union of its culture with its quest for prosperity (Gillespie & Gritzner 2002). Nowadays, the country tries to build a more advanced state which values and merges its time-honored cultural practices (Dew 2002). Gaining knowledge and making sense of this exceptional culture and its related business customs is critical to the success of expansion plan of HSBC t o Bahrain. Some of the factors that the management of HSBC should take into account are the business-related social practices of Bahrainis. For instance, the society of Bahrain is deeply rule-inclined with laws, policies, and other control systems established to lessen the insecurity and put in force the authority of leaders (Dew 2002). This quite rigid hierarchical structure is embodied in the prescribed communication method of the general population of Bahrain. The use of prescribed greetings and distinctions or titles is important (Dew 2002). For instance, when a person enters an office for the first time, s/he should shake hands with the highest ranking officer first using their certain distinctions. This information is vital to the human resources management of HSBC. Competitive Factors The banking sector in Bahrain is considered as one of the most competitive in the Middle East. The government vigorously and explicitly seeks for foreign investments and views them as crucial to the country’s economic success (Laulajainen 2003). Banking and financial organizations in Bahrain are involved in a traditional business environment and trade-oriented culture that prospers from the foreign investments (Chiline 2002). The corporate banking culture in Bahrain welcomes foreign companies eagerly and attracts foreign

New York City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

New York City - Essay Example This essay declares that the city had a very important role in the development and history of America. However, in the early twenty first century, its worth increased with the Al Qaeda terrorist attacks in September 2011. Commercial jet airliners were hijacked on their way from Boston, Massachusetts, to Los Angeles, California. The pentagon was also bombed. The attacks caused the death of 3000 New York citizens. The city was a target for the terrorists because of its financial strength in America. The opening of Erie Canal secured the city’s economic dominance. It joined the Atlantic Ocean and the great lakes and created a wide economic domination for New York City. This paper makes a conclusion that in the late twentieth century, majority of New York workers secured employment in the new telecommunication and high technology industries. Businessmen continued to establish small companies and industries while former ones collapsed. New policies were adopted and the dramatic urban improvement helped reduce the rate of crime and urban poverty. The city also became a cultural centre ranging from hip hop and rap music, the genre that increased in popularity until today. Television programmes increased as well as a centre for cable networks. National newspapers such as wall street journal and New York Times were born. New York became a leading market in offering financial services such as banking, stock market, and investment banking.

How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay Example for Free

How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay Critical perspectives on crime differ from other perspectives in that they focus on ways people and institutions respond to crime and criminals. Critical perspectives are often called social reaction theories. The different theories covered under critical perspectives include Labeling theory, Conflict and radical theory and feminist theory. Labeling theory states that deviance is not the act itself that a person commits; a deviant label will lead us to be more deviant. Labeling theory is one of the most significant perspectives in the study of criminology. Amongst these theories is the labeling theory which is one of the most significant theories studied. Labeling theory adopts a relativist’s definition, by assuming that nothing about a given behavior automatically makes it deviant. While traditional theories accept the accuracy of official labeling such as the arrest and prosecution, Labeling theory challenges the view and says some people’s behavior is more likely to be labeled deviant than others. Conflict and Radical theories take up where labeling theory leaves off. They argue that law is only controlled by the powerful and that they are often preserved by the dominant, unlike traditional theories that promote the law and stress the positive aspects of it. One area inspired by feminist work is often called gender-ratio; it is the study of female rates is so much lower than male’s rates in violent crimes. Within the feminist theories we have victimization, differences in crimes, Gender Differences, Masculinity. A great deal of focus is spotlighted on masculinity of crimes. Researchers argue that in order to reduce crime men must be socialized more and male dominance must be illuminated. It was noted in Chapter 3 that we already do a good job of raising our girls not to be criminals, however how can we implement this into the masculine side of things. Masculinity and crime is the significant focus of the work of gender-ratio issues. The problem according to sociologists is that crime is essentially a male issue and we need to figure out how we get to it being much less of an issue. Most crimes against women are either produced as a crime against a weaker person or a crime because the criminal is the dominant one. It seems to be a double edge sword. Power-Control theory explains the level of female criminality by examining the gender process of families. It highlights the roles played by women and men in perspective to their class. Power Control theory looks at two primary sections, the first is Patriarchal households in which only the father works outside the home and the mother is left at home to care for the children. In this type of household boys learn the masculine roles and girls learn the feministic roles. The other is egalitarian, in which both the matriarch and patriarch works outside the home, therefore the guidance is not there to justify roles which tends to lead to delinquency in both gender children. Although most tests of Power control theory produce mixed results. Feministic theories show us just how unequal women are portrayed in law and society. The main issue with control theory is a mother’s occupational place vs. a father’s occupational place in the family. It focuses on the balance of power and control and how this affects the child’s preferences for risk taking. Criminal law divides murder and non-negligent manslaughter into four subgroups: first degree murder, second degree murder, voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter. Some of the patterns described in our book include geographic patterns in which is chronicled with data statistics. It focuses on the different regions and shows the highest statistics in the South, with the Northeast and Midwest being low to mid. According to data the highest weapon used in homicides are handguns at 68 % with knives and blunt objects at 13%. Researchers say that the south is the highest percentage of crime due to the high temperature and crowded urban areas. According to our book (P200) an adequate explanation of homicide and aggravated assault must answer the following questions: Why does the United States have a higher homicide rate than any other industrial nation? This is answered by research that provides data that the United States has more inequality than other nations and thus this pro duces more crime. There is a vast difference between the rich and the poor. The other reason or answer given to this is that in the United States more handguns are owned, and since handguns are the major cause of homicides, this also contributes to the higher rates. Within the United States, why are homicide and aggravated assault rates highest in the urban areas? This is best answered with Social  disorganization, anomie and strain theory help explain why crime in general is higher in urban areas; this includes higher populations, denser areas of habitation, household overcrowding as well as dilapidated living conditions. There is also a chance of higher unemployment rates. Why do men commit almost all homicides and aggravated assaults? The masculinity theories were brought up in chapter 9, but this question is answered as this seems to be shaped in adolescence and the need for boys to grow up stronger and better than women who are looked upon as less dominant. Poverty also interacts with masculinity, the competitiveness in families and social groups. Why do African-Americans and other people of color have high rates of homicides and aggravated assault, both as offenders and victims? This question is explained in similar ways to those above. It has been a question full of hard emotions and personal opinions. It could also be construed as a racist or stereotypical question. Because it is such a touchy subject most researchers go about it in explaining how minorities have criminogenic structural and ecological factors which cause their crime rate to be higher. There is social disorganization stress, the stress of being deprived and discriminated against. Also listed are negative family and school experiences along with the peer pressure from other deviant youths that are common in the urban areas. All of these factors separate may not have much effect, but together it proves to be the perfect combination to put African Americans, especially y oung African Americans at a higher risk for crime. For which two types of violent crime are women’s rates of victimization much higher than men’s victimization rates? At what rates are women victimized for these crimes? Describe cultural myths supporting rape and battering that are discussed in the text Rape/sexual assault and domestic violence/violence committed by intimates are at the top of the list for crimes committed against women more than men. (P220) Our book states that women represented 89% of all sexual assault crimes and 79% of aggravated assaults. Many of the cultural myths are involved in overseas and third world countries which see women as possessions or less than worth compared to a man. In India, as well as Pakistan Dowry deaths which claim the lives of thousands of women are committed daily. These deaths are sanctioned as legal or usually overseen by law enforcement with payment. Dowry deaths are committed against  a bride by either a husband or the husband’s family because the bride’s dowry was not paid as it was supposed to be. Wartime rape and batteries is also high in other countries and often overlooked in the judicial system. Some of the myths involved in these victimizations include women â€Å"like† to be raped or they â€Å"ask† to be raped. Our book uses the opening scene in Gone With the Wind to express one of the many portrayals of women enjoying being sexually assaulted , she is whisked up-stairs against her will, and then is shown with a smile on her face in the morning. The other myth is that women ask to be raped by the way they dress or how they behave. This has been an excuse used by many, even today. The blame does not go on the abuser in these cases but looks at how the woman was behaving prior to the sexual assault. For domestic violence and assaults the women is again said to have â€Å"asked† for the beating by antagonizing the abuser. The woman is blamed for saying or doing something to anger the male and therefore deserved the beating or abuse they received. Women are also blamed because they do not leave the abuser when they have a chance to leave, nor do they press charges when they often have the chance to. Women normally do not leave abusive spouses because they are often the sole providers, women have children and often no money to leave or pay for housing anywhere or legal fees to divorce or put restraining orders on abusers.